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|
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result sql = Experiences of Kratom Users: A Qualitative Analysis.
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result sql = Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is a psychoactive plant that has been used since at least 1836 in folk medicine in Southeast Asian countries. More recently, kratom has become widely available in the West and is used for both recreational and medicinal purposes. There has, however, been little scientific research into the short- and long-term effects of kratom in humans, and much of the information available is anecdotal. To supplement the increasing scientific understanding of kratom's pharmacology and research into its effects in animals, we report the results of a qualitative analysis of first-hand descriptions of human kratom use that were submitted to, and published by, a psychoactive substance information website (Erowid.org). Themes that emerged from these experience reports indicate that kratom may be useful for analgesia, mood elevation, anxiety reduction, and may aid opioid withdrawal management. Negative response themes also emerged, indicating potential problems and unfavorable "side" effects, especially stomach upset and vomiting. Based on our analyses, we present preliminary hypotheses for future examination in controlled, quantitative studies of kratom.
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result sql = Experiences of Kratom Users: A Qualitative Analysis.
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char = y;code = 121
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
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char = g;code = 103
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char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
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char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
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char = ;code = 32
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char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
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char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
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char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = k;code = 107
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is a psychoactive plant that has been used since at least 1836 in folk medicine in Southeast Asian countries. More recently, kratom has become widely available in the West and is used for both recreational and medicinal purposes. There has, however, been little scientific research into the short- and long-term effects of kratom in humans, and much of the information available is anecdotal. To supplement the increasing scientific understanding of kratom's pharmacology and research into its effects in animals, we report the results of a qualitative analysis of first-hand descriptions of human kratom use that were submitted to, and published by, a psychoactive substance information website (Erowid.org). Themes that emerged from these experience reports indicate that kratom may be useful for analgesia, mood elevation, anxiety reduction, and may aid opioid withdrawal management. Negative response themes also emerged, indicating potential problems and unfavorable "side" effects, especially stomach upset and vomiting. Based on our analyses, we present preliminary hypotheses for future examination in controlled, quantitative studies of kratom.
Publication: J Psychoactive Drugs;47(5):360-7.
Publication Date:
Study Author(s): Swogger Marc T MT ; Hart Elaine E ; Erowid Fire F ; Erowid Earth E ; Trabold Nicole N ; Yee Kaila K ; Parkhurst Kimberly A KA ; Priddy Brittany M BM ; Walsh Zach Z ;
Institution: a Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry , University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester , NY.
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date:
Study Author(s): Swogger Marc T MT ; Hart Elaine E ; Erowid Fire F ; Erowid Earth E ; Trabold Nicole N ; Yee Kaila K ; Parkhurst Kimberly A KA ; Priddy Brittany M BM ; Walsh Zach Z ;
Institution: a Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry , University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester , NY.
Shortcut link to this study:
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is a psychoactive plant that has been used since at least 1836 in folk medicine in Southeast Asian countries. More recently, kratom has become widely available in the West and is used for both recreational and medicinal purposes. There has, however, been little scientific research into the short- and long-term effects of kratom in humans, and much of the information available is anecdotal. To supplement the increasing scientific understanding of kratom's pharmacology and research into its effects in animals, we report the results of a qualitative analysis of first-hand descriptions of human kratom use that were submitted to, and published by, a psychoactive substance information website (Erowid.org). Themes that emerged from these experience reports indicate that kratom may be useful for analgesia, mood elevation, anxiety reduction, and may aid opioid withdrawal management. Negative response themes also emerged, indicating potential problems and unfavorable "side" effects, especially stomach upset and vomiting. Based on our analyses, we present preliminary hypotheses for future examination in controlled, quantitative studies of kratom.
PMID: 26595229
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