|
|
char = E;code = 69
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result sql = Ecological consequences of long-term browning in lakes.
Ecological consequences of long-term browning in lakes.char = I;code = 73
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char = r;code = 114
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char = t;code = 116
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char = E;code = 69
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char = .;code = 46
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
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char = c;code = 99
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char = u;code = 117
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result sql = Increases in terrestrially-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) have led to the browning of inland waters across regions of northeastern North America and Europe. Short-term experimental and comparative studies highlight the important ecological consequences of browning. These range from transparency-induced increases in thermal stratification and oxygen (O2) depletion to changes in pelagic food web structure and alteration of the important role of inland waters in the global carbon cycle. However, multi-decadal studies that document the net ecological consequences of long-term browning are lacking. Here we show that browning over a 27 year period in two lakes of differing transparency resulted in fundamental changes in vertical habitat gradients and food web structure, and that these responses were stronger in the more transparent lake. Surface water temperatures increased by 2-3 °C in both lakes in the absence of any changes in air temperature. Water transparency to ultraviolet (UV) radiation showed a fivefold decrease in the more transparent lake. The primary zooplankton grazers decreased, and in the more transparent lake were largely replaced by a two trophic level zooplankton community. These findings provide new insights into the net effects of the complex and contrasting mechanisms that underlie the ecosystem consequences of browning.
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result sql = Ecological consequences of long-term browning in lakes.
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char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = y;code = 121
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = (;code = 40
char = O;code = 79
char = 2;code = 50
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char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
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char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = f;code = 102
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char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
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char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = b;code = 98
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char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
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char = i;code = 105
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char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = w;code = 119
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char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
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char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
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char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
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char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
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char = w;code = 119
char = n;code = 110
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char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
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char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = 2;code = 50
char = 7;code = 55
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char = y;code = 121
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char = a;code = 97
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char = p;code = 112
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char = r;code = 114
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char = i;code = 105
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
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char = p;code = 112
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char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
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char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = f;code = 102
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = h;code = 104
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
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char = t;code = 116
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char = u;code = 117
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char = ;code = 32
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
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char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
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char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
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char = i;code = 105
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char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
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char = 3;code = 51
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char = °;code = 176
char = C;code = 67
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
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char = .;code = 46
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char = W;code = 87
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
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char = o;code = 111
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char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
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char = (;code = 40
char = U;code = 85
char = V;code = 86
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char = T;code = 84
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char = w;code = 119
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char = a;code = 97
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char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
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char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
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char = z;code = 122
char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
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char = k;code = 107
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char = c;code = 99
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char = m;code = 109
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char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
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char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = f;code = 102
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char = s;code = 115
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char = r;code = 114
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char = v;code = 118
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = w;code = 119
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char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = t;code = 116
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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result sql = Increases in terrestrially-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) have led to the browning of inland waters across regions of northeastern North America and Europe. Short-term experimental and comparative studies highlight the important ecological consequences of browning. These range from transparency-induced increases in thermal stratification and oxygen (O2) depletion to changes in pelagic food web structure and alteration of the important role of inland waters in the global carbon cycle. However, multi-decadal studies that document the net ecological consequences of long-term browning are lacking. Here we show that browning over a 27 year period in two lakes of differing transparency resulted in fundamental changes in vertical habitat gradients and food web structure, and that these responses were stronger in the more transparent lake. Surface water temperatures increased by 2-3 °C in both lakes in the absence of any changes in air temperature. Water transparency to ultraviolet (UV) radiation showed a fivefold decrease in the more transparent lake. The primary zooplankton grazers decreased, and in the more transparent lake were largely replaced by a two trophic level zooplankton community. These findings provide new insights into the net effects of the complex and contrasting mechanisms that underlie the ecosystem consequences of browning.
Publication: Sci Rep 2015 ;5():18666.
Publication Date: 2015
Study Author(s): Williamson Craig E CE ; Overholt Erin P EP ; Pilla Rachel M RM ; Leach Taylor H TH ; Brentrup Jennifer A JA ; Knoll Lesley B LB ; Mette Elizabeth M EM ; Moeller Robert E RE ;
Institution: Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2015
Study Author(s): Williamson Craig E CE ; Overholt Erin P EP ; Pilla Rachel M RM ; Leach Taylor H TH ; Brentrup Jennifer A JA ; Knoll Lesley B LB ; Mette Elizabeth M EM ; Moeller Robert E RE ;
Institution: Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
Shortcut link to this study:
Increases in terrestrially-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) have led to the browning of inland waters across regions of northeastern North America and Europe. Short-term experimental and comparative studies highlight the important ecological consequences of browning. These range from transparency-induced increases in thermal stratification and oxygen (O2) depletion to changes in pelagic food web structure and alteration of the important role of inland waters in the global carbon cycle. However, multi-decadal studies that document the net ecological consequences of long-term browning are lacking. Here we show that browning over a 27 year period in two lakes of differing transparency resulted in fundamental changes in vertical habitat gradients and food web structure, and that these responses were stronger in the more transparent lake. Surface water temperatures increased by 2-3 °C in both lakes in the absence of any changes in air temperature. Water transparency to ultraviolet (UV) radiation showed a fivefold decrease in the more transparent lake. The primary zooplankton grazers decreased, and in the more transparent lake were largely replaced by a two trophic level zooplankton community. These findings provide new insights into the net effects of the complex and contrasting mechanisms that underlie the ecosystem consequences of browning.
PMID: 26690504
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