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char = t;code = 116
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char = -;code = 45
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char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
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char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = z;code = 122
char = y;code = 121
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char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
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char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
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char = y;code = 121
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
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char = l;code = 108
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Polymorphisms of glutathione-S-transferase and arylamine N-acetyltransferase enzymes and susceptibility to colorectal cancer.
Polymorphisms of glutathione-S-transferase and arylamine N-acetyltransferase enzymes and susceptibility to colorectal cancer.
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
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char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
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char = s;code = 115
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char = (;code = 40
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char = s;code = 115
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char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = N;code = 78
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char = ;code = 32
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
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char = b;code = 98
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char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
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char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
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char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
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char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = r;code = 114
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char = i;code = 105
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char = s;code = 115
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char = s;code = 115
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char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
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char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
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char = g;code = 103
char = g;code = 103
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char = ;code = 32
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char = s;code = 115
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char = c;code = 99
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char = r;code = 114
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = W;code = 87
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = r;code = 114
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char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
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char = T;code = 84
char = M;code = 77
char = 1;code = 49
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char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = S;code = 83
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char = T;code = 84
char = 1;code = 49
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = P;code = 80
char = 1;code = 49
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = T;code = 84
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = T;code = 84
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = z;code = 122
char = y;code = 121
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char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = C;code = 67
char = R;code = 82
char = -;code = 45
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
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char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
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char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = k;code = 107
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
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char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
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char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = M;code = 77
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = O;code = 79
char = R;code = 82
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 4;code = 52
char = 8;code = 56
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = I;code = 73
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = 5;code = 53
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
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char = 2;code = 50
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
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char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
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char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = T;code = 84
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = O;code = 79
char = R;code = 82
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = 2;code = 50
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = I;code = 73
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = 7;code = 55
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
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char = 9;code = 57
char = 8;code = 56
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
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char = c;code = 99
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char = l;code = 108
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char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
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char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = t;code = 116
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char = r;code = 114
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char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = T;code = 84
char = 1;code = 49
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = T;code = 84
char = 1;code = 49
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = S;code = 83
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char = P;code = 80
char = 1;code = 49
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
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char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
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char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
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char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = k;code = 107
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = i;code = 105
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char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
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char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = M;code = 77
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = -;code = 45
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = T;code = 84
char = 2;code = 50
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
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char = y;code = 121
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = (;code = 40
char = O;code = 79
char = R;code = 82
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = .;code = 46
char = 3;code = 51
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = I;code = 73
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char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 7;code = 55
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char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = G;code = 71
char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = M;code = 77
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char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = -;code = 45
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = T;code = 84
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = T;code = 84
char = 1;code = 49
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
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char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
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char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
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char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = O;code = 79
char = R;code = 82
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = .;code = 46
char = 2;code = 50
char = 8;code = 56
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = I;code = 73
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 6;code = 54
char = -;code = 45
char = 5;code = 53
char = .;code = 46
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char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
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char = a;code = 97
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char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
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char = g;code = 103
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char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = p;code = 112
char = u;code = 117
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = ";code = 34
char = h;code = 104
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char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
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char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
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char = a;code = 97
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char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
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char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = O;code = 79
char = R;code = 82
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = .;code = 46
char = 6;code = 54
char = 9;code = 57
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
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result sql = BACKGROUND : Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) and N-acetyltransferases (NATs) are involved in the metabolism of a wide range of carcinogenic chemicals. Allelic polymorphism of these enzymes is associated with variations in enzyme activity, hence it may affect the concentration of activated carcinogenic chemicals in the body. Previous studies suggest a possible cancer risk-modifying effect of these allelic polymorphisms, but the results are still controversial. We evaluated the effect of GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, NAT1 and NAT2 enzymes on individual susceptibility to colorectal cancer, with particular attention to possible interactions between the studied genotypes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS : Five hundred colorectal cancer patients and 500 matched cancer-free controls were included in the study. The allelic polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1, NAT1 and NAT2 enzymes were determined by PCR-based methods, from peripheral blood leukocytes, and allelic distributions were compared between colorectal cancer patients and controls.

RESULTS : The GSTM1 0 allele (OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.15-1.92) and rapid acetylator genotypes of NAT2 (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.17-1.98) were associated with an elevated risk No statistically significant correlation between NAT1, GSTT1, GSTP1 genotypes and colorectal cancer was found. Remarkably increased risk was associated with the GSTM1 0 allele--NAT2 rapid acetylator genotype combination (OR: 2.39, 95% CI: 1.75-3.26) and with the GSTM1 0 allele--NAT2 and NAT1 rapid acetylator triple combination (OR: 3.28, 95% CI: 2.06-5.23). Carrying 4 or 5 putative "high-risk" alleles substantially increased the risk of colorectal cancer (OR: 3.69, 95% CI: 2.33-5.86).

CONCLUSION : The genotype of certain metabolizing enzymes affects the risk for colorectal cancer. This effect is particularly important when certain allelic combinations are studied. In the near future, individual level risk assessment may be reached by further increasing the number of studied polymorphisms, combining them with traditional epidemiological risk factors.

Publication: Anticancer Res. 2004 Nov-Dec ;24(6)::3965-70.
Publication Date: 2004 Nov-Dec
Study Author(s): Kiss, István;Németh, Arpád;Bogner, Barna;Pajkos, Gábor;Orsós, Zsuzsa;Sándor, János;Csejtey, András;Faluhelyi, Zsolt;Rodler, Imre;Ember, István;
Institution: Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Pécs University of Sciences, Pécs, Hungary. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
BACKGROUND : Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) and N-acetyltransferases (NATs) are involved in the metabolism of a wide range of carcinogenic chemicals. Allelic polymorphism of these enzymes is associated with variations in enzyme activity, hence it may affect the concentration of activated carcinogenic chemicals in the body. Previous studies suggest a possible cancer risk-modifying effect of these allelic polymorphisms, but the results are still controversial. We evaluated the effect of GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, NAT1 and NAT2 enzymes on individual susceptibility to colorectal cancer, with particular attention to possible interactions between the studied genotypes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS : Five hundred colorectal cancer patients and 500 matched cancer-free controls were included in the study. The allelic polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1, NAT1 and NAT2 enzymes were determined by PCR-based methods, from peripheral blood leukocytes, and allelic distributions were compared between colorectal cancer patients and controls.

RESULTS : The GSTM1 0 allele (OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.15-1.92) and rapid acetylator genotypes of NAT2 (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.17-1.98) were associated with an elevated risk No statistically significant correlation between NAT1, GSTT1, GSTP1 genotypes and colorectal cancer was found. Remarkably increased risk was associated with the GSTM1 0 allele--NAT2 rapid acetylator genotype combination (OR: 2.39, 95% CI: 1.75-3.26) and with the GSTM1 0 allele--NAT2 and NAT1 rapid acetylator triple combination (OR: 3.28, 95% CI: 2.06-5.23). Carrying 4 or 5 putative "high-risk" alleles substantially increased the risk of colorectal cancer (OR: 3.69, 95% CI: 2.33-5.86).

CONCLUSION : The genotype of certain metabolizing enzymes affects the risk for colorectal cancer. This effect is particularly important when certain allelic combinations are studied. In the near future, individual level risk assessment may be reached by further increasing the number of studied polymorphisms, combining them with traditional epidemiological risk factors.
PMID: 15736440

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