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char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
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char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = n;code = 110
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = k;code = 107
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = M;code = 77
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Genomic heterogeneity and instability in colorectal cancer: spectral karyotyping, glutathione transferase-Ml and ras.
Genomic heterogeneity and instability in colorectal cancer: spectral karyotyping, glutathione transferase-Ml and ras.
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char = i;code = 105
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char = b;code = 98
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char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
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char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = c;code = 99
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char = ;code = 32
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char = b;code = 98
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char = e;code = 101
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char = y;code = 121
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char = ;code = 32
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
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char = e;code = 101
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char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
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char = w;code = 119
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char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = w;code = 119
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char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
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char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
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char = t;code = 116
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char = i;code = 105
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char = a;code = 97
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char = o;code = 111
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char = o;code = 111
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char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = p;code = 112
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char = u;code = 117
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char = h;code = 104
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char = g;code = 103
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char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
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char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
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char = r;code = 114
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char = g;code = 103
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char = c;code = 99
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char = F;code = 70
char = A;code = 65
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char = O;code = 79
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char = R;code = 82
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char = A;code = 65
char = B;code = 66
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char = Y;code = 89
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result sql = Genomic instability in cancer is frequently described as being either chromosomal instability or microsatellite instability, although when events within chromosomes are monitored, extensive intrachromosomal instability is also found. Spectral karyotyping was used to visualize how extensively genomic instability gives rise to intratumor genomic heterogeneity in sporadic colorectal carcinomas. TWO FACTORS WERE THEN EXAMINED WHICH MIGHT RELATE TO INTRACHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY IN COLORECTAL CANCERS: the presence of the glutathione transferase-Ml gene to detoxify potential carcinogens, and the presence of activated ras which has been associated with chromosomal instability when first expressed. Intrachromosomal genomic instability was previously determined by inter-(simple sequence repeat) PCR (inter-SSR PCR) and by fractional allelic loss rate for 348 markers. GSTM1 status was determined for each of 49 tumors through use of specific PCR, and 28 of the tumors showed the GSTM1 null genotype. A significant association was found between GSTMl-null status and elevated inter-(simple sequence repeat) PCR instability. In contrast, no association was found with fractional allelic loss rate. The first exons of the K-ras and H-ras oncogenes were sequenced in 72 colorectal cancers; 19 of the tumors had a mutation in codon 12 of the K-ras gene (24.5%), but no H-ras mutations were found. A weak correlation (p=0.10) was observed between mutant K-ras and inter-(simple sequence repeat) PCR genomic instability, and no association existed with fractional allelic loss rate.

Publication: Mutat. Res. 2004 Dec 21 ;568(2)::283-92.
Publication Date: 2004 Dec 21
Study Author(s): Bartos, Jeremy D;Stoler, Daniel L;Matsui, Sei-ichi;Swede, Helen;Willmott, Lyndsay J;Sait, Sheila N;Petrelli, Nicholas J;Anderson, Garth R;
Institution: Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
Shortcut link to this study:
Genomic instability in cancer is frequently described as being either chromosomal instability or microsatellite instability, although when events within chromosomes are monitored, extensive intrachromosomal instability is also found. Spectral karyotyping was used to visualize how extensively genomic instability gives rise to intratumor genomic heterogeneity in sporadic colorectal carcinomas. TWO FACTORS WERE THEN EXAMINED WHICH MIGHT RELATE TO INTRACHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY IN COLORECTAL CANCERS: the presence of the glutathione transferase-Ml gene to detoxify potential carcinogens, and the presence of activated ras which has been associated with chromosomal instability when first expressed. Intrachromosomal genomic instability was previously determined by inter-(simple sequence repeat) PCR (inter-SSR PCR) and by fractional allelic loss rate for 348 markers. GSTM1 status was determined for each of 49 tumors through use of specific PCR, and 28 of the tumors showed the GSTM1 null genotype. A significant association was found between GSTMl-null status and elevated inter-(simple sequence repeat) PCR instability. In contrast, no association was found with fractional allelic loss rate. The first exons of the K-ras and H-ras oncogenes were sequenced in 72 colorectal cancers; 19 of the tumors had a mutation in codon 12 of the K-ras gene (24.5%), but no H-ras mutations were found. A weak correlation (p=0.10) was observed between mutant K-ras and inter-(simple sequence repeat) PCR genomic instability, and no association existed with fractional allelic loss rate.
PMID: 15542115

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