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char = ;code = 32
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char = c;code = 99
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char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
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char = c;code = 99
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char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
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char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
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char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Combinations of glutathione S-transferase genotypes and risk of early-onset lung cancer in Caucasians and African Americans: a population-based study.
Combinations of glutathione S-transferase genotypes and risk of early-onset lung cancer in Caucasians and African Americans: a population-based study.
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char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = M;code = 77
char = 1;code = 49
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = T;code = 84
char = 1;code = 49
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char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
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char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = P;code = 80
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
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char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
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char = c;code = 99
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
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char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = j;code = 106
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
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char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
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char = y;code = 121
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
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char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = -;code = 45
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = I;code = 73
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 2;code = 50
char = 9;code = 57
char = -;code = 45
char = 6;code = 54
char = .;code = 46
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = M;code = 77
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = P;code = 80
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
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char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = M;code = 77
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = P;code = 80
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = O;code = 79
char = R;code = 82
char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = .;code = 46
char = 8;code = 56
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = I;code = 73
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = -;code = 45
char = 7;code = 55
char = .;code = 46
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
char = R;code = 82
char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
char = 4;code = 52
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = I;code = 73
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 3;code = 51
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
char = .;code = 46
char = 2;code = 50
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
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char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = G;code = 71
char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = M;code = 77
char = 1;code = 49
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = T;code = 84
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = P;code = 80
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = a;code = 97
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = j;code = 106
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
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char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
char = ;code = 32
char = y;code = 121
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
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char = g;code = 103
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char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
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char = S;code = 83
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = o;code = 111
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char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
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char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
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char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = J;code = 74
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = y;code = 121
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char = i;code = 105
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char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
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char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
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char = g;code = 103
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
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char = ;code = 32
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char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
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char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
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char = l;code = 108
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char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
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char = e;code = 101
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result sql = Polymorphisms in GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 genes in humans are associated with the reduction of enzymatic activity toward several substrates, including those in tobacco smoke. To investigate the potential role these polymorphisms have, as modulators of early-onset lung cancer risk, a population-based case-control study involving early-onset lung cancer cases was performed. Biological samples were available for 350 individuals diagnosed <50 years of age identified from the metropolitan Detroit Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program and 410 cases of age, race and sex-matched controls ascertained through random digit dialing. African Americans carrying at least one G allele at the GSTP1 locus were 2.9-fold more likely to have lung cancer compared with African Americans without a G allele after adjustment for age, sex, pack years of smoking and history of lung cancer in a first-degree relative (95% CI 1.29-6.20). African Americans with either one or two risk genotypes at the GSTM1 and GSTP1 loci were at increased risk of having lung cancer compared with those having fully functional GSTM1 and GSTP1 genes (OR = 2.8, 95% CI 1.1-7.2 and OR = 4.0, 95% CI 1.3-12.2, respectively). No significant single gene associations between GSTM1, GSTT1 or GSTP1 and early-onset lung cancer were identified in Caucasians, after adjusting for age, sex, pack years and family history of lung cancer. However, our results suggest that specific combinations of glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms increase the risk of early-onset of lung cancer. Joint analysis of these genotypes may identify individuals who are at a higher risk of developing early-onset lung cancer with a greater certainty than single gene studies.

Publication: Carcinogenesis 2005 Apr ;26(4)::811-9.
Publication Date: 2005 Apr
Study Author(s): Cote, M L;Kardia, S L R;Wenzlaff, A S;Land, S J;Schwartz, A G;
Institution: Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
Polymorphisms in GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 genes in humans are associated with the reduction of enzymatic activity toward several substrates, including those in tobacco smoke. To investigate the potential role these polymorphisms have, as modulators of early-onset lung cancer risk, a population-based case-control study involving early-onset lung cancer cases was performed. Biological samples were available for 350 individuals diagnosed <50 years of age identified from the metropolitan Detroit Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program and 410 cases of age, race and sex-matched controls ascertained through random digit dialing. African Americans carrying at least one G allele at the GSTP1 locus were 2.9-fold more likely to have lung cancer compared with African Americans without a G allele after adjustment for age, sex, pack years of smoking and history of lung cancer in a first-degree relative (95% CI 1.29-6.20). African Americans with either one or two risk genotypes at the GSTM1 and GSTP1 loci were at increased risk of having lung cancer compared with those having fully functional GSTM1 and GSTP1 genes (OR = 2.8, 95% CI 1.1-7.2 and OR = 4.0, 95% CI 1.3-12.2, respectively). No significant single gene associations between GSTM1, GSTT1 or GSTP1 and early-onset lung cancer were identified in Caucasians, after adjusting for age, sex, pack years and family history of lung cancer. However, our results suggest that specific combinations of glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms increase the risk of early-onset of lung cancer. Joint analysis of these genotypes may identify individuals who are at a higher risk of developing early-onset lung cancer with a greater certainty than single gene studies.
PMID: 15661806

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