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result sql = The effect of quercetin on topotecan cytotoxicity in MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 human breast cancer cells.
The effect of quercetin on topotecan cytotoxicity in MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 human breast cancer cells.char = <;code = 60
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char = l;code = 108
char = );code = 41
char = -;code = 45
char = 2;code = 50
char = ,;code = 44
char = 5;code = 53
char = -;code = 45
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = z;code = 122
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = y;code = 121
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = /;code = 47
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = Q;code = 81
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = D;code = 68
char = C;code = 67
char = F;code = 70
char = H;code = 72
char = -;code = 45
char = D;code = 68
char = A;code = 65
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = D;code = 68
char = A;code = 65
char = N;code = 78
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = C;code = 67
char = (;code = 40
char = 5;code = 53
char = 0;code = 48
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = /;code = 47
char = m;code = 109
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = C;code = 67
char = F;code = 70
char = -;code = 45
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = /;code = 47
char = m;code = 109
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = D;code = 68
char = A;code = 65
char = -;code = 45
char = M;code = 77
char = B;code = 66
char = 2;code = 50
char = 3;code = 51
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = Q;code = 81
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 4;code = 52
char = -;code = 45
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = C;code = 67
char = F;code = 70
char = -;code = 45
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 3;code = 51
char = -;code = 45
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = D;code = 68
char = A;code = 65
char = -;code = 45
char = M;code = 77
char = B;code = 66
char = -;code = 45
char = 2;code = 50
char = 3;code = 51
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = O;code = 79
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = C;code = 67
char = F;code = 70
char = -;code = 45
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = D;code = 68
char = A;code = 65
char = -;code = 45
char = M;code = 77
char = B;code = 66
char = -;code = 45
char = 2;code = 50
char = 3;code = 51
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = C;code = 67
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = C;code = 67
char = L;code = 76
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
char = I;code = 73
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = O;code = 79
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = Q;code = 81
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
char = u;code = 117
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result sql = BACKGROUND : Topotecan, which is a Camptothecin derivative, shows a large spectrum in anti-tumor activity. Topotecan exerts its cytotoxic effect on tumor cells mainly by inhibition of topoisomerase I activity resulting in double-strand DNA breaks. In our study, we investigated the combined cytotoxic action of Topotecan and Quercetin in MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 human breast cancer cells. To examine the possible relation between the cytotoxic activity of Topotecan and oxidative stress, we measured ROS and nitrite levels in both human breast cell lines.
MATERIALS AND METHODS : MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 cells were exposed to Topotecan, Quercetin, or a combination of both agents for 24 h at 37 degrees C. The viability of the cells was measured using the colorimetric MTT (3-(4,5)-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. We determined reactive oxygen species and nitrite levels as indicators of oxidative stress in both cell lines with and without Topotecan and/or Quercetin incubations using fluorometric dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) and diaminonaphtalene (DAN) assay.
RESULTS : The IC(50) concentration of Topotecan was 100 ng/ml in MCF-7 cell line and 160 ng/ml in MDA-MB231 cell line. Treatment with Quercetin enhanced cytotoxicity of Topotecan as 1.4-fold in MCF-7 and 1.3-fold in MDA-MB-231 cell line. A significant increment on ROS and nitrite levels was found in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells following Topotecan incubation.
CONCLUSIONS : Our results suggest that Topotecan has cytotoxic activity against both of the breast cancer cell lines in vitro. A combination with Quercetin increases efficacy of Topotecan in the treatment of breast cancers. Our results indicate that increased oxidative stress plays a role in the cytotoxic action of Topotecan.
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result sql = The effect of quercetin on topotecan cytotoxicity in MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 human breast cancer cells.
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char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 4;code = 52
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = T;code = 84
char = T;code = 84
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 3;code = 51
char = -;code = 45
char = (;code = 40
char = 4;code = 52
char = ,;code = 44
char = 5;code = 53
char = );code = 41
char = -;code = 45
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = z;code = 122
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = -;code = 45
char = 2;code = 50
char = -;code = 45
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = );code = 41
char = -;code = 45
char = 2;code = 50
char = ,;code = 44
char = 5;code = 53
char = -;code = 45
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = z;code = 122
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = y;code = 121
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = /;code = 47
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = Q;code = 81
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = D;code = 68
char = C;code = 67
char = F;code = 70
char = H;code = 72
char = -;code = 45
char = D;code = 68
char = A;code = 65
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = D;code = 68
char = A;code = 65
char = N;code = 78
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = C;code = 67
char = (;code = 40
char = 5;code = 53
char = 0;code = 48
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = /;code = 47
char = m;code = 109
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = C;code = 67
char = F;code = 70
char = -;code = 45
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = /;code = 47
char = m;code = 109
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = D;code = 68
char = A;code = 65
char = -;code = 45
char = M;code = 77
char = B;code = 66
char = 2;code = 50
char = 3;code = 51
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = Q;code = 81
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 4;code = 52
char = -;code = 45
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = C;code = 67
char = F;code = 70
char = -;code = 45
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 3;code = 51
char = -;code = 45
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = D;code = 68
char = A;code = 65
char = -;code = 45
char = M;code = 77
char = B;code = 66
char = -;code = 45
char = 2;code = 50
char = 3;code = 51
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
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char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = O;code = 79
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = C;code = 67
char = F;code = 70
char = -;code = 45
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = D;code = 68
char = A;code = 65
char = -;code = 45
char = M;code = 77
char = B;code = 66
char = -;code = 45
char = 2;code = 50
char = 3;code = 51
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = C;code = 67
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = C;code = 67
char = L;code = 76
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
char = I;code = 73
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = O;code = 79
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
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result sql = BACKGROUND : Topotecan, which is a Camptothecin derivative, shows a large spectrum in anti-tumor activity. Topotecan exerts its cytotoxic effect on tumor cells mainly by inhibition of topoisomerase I activity resulting in double-strand DNA breaks. In our study, we investigated the combined cytotoxic action of Topotecan and Quercetin in MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 human breast cancer cells. To examine the possible relation between the cytotoxic activity of Topotecan and oxidative stress, we measured ROS and nitrite levels in both human breast cell lines.
MATERIALS AND METHODS : MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 cells were exposed to Topotecan, Quercetin, or a combination of both agents for 24 h at 37 degrees C. The viability of the cells was measured using the colorimetric MTT (3-(4,5)-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. We determined reactive oxygen species and nitrite levels as indicators of oxidative stress in both cell lines with and without Topotecan and/or Quercetin incubations using fluorometric dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) and diaminonaphtalene (DAN) assay.
RESULTS : The IC(50) concentration of Topotecan was 100 ng/ml in MCF-7 cell line and 160 ng/ml in MDA-MB231 cell line. Treatment with Quercetin enhanced cytotoxicity of Topotecan as 1.4-fold in MCF-7 and 1.3-fold in MDA-MB-231 cell line. A significant increment on ROS and nitrite levels was found in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells following Topotecan incubation.
CONCLUSIONS : Our results suggest that Topotecan has cytotoxic activity against both of the breast cancer cell lines in vitro. A combination with Quercetin increases efficacy of Topotecan in the treatment of breast cancers. Our results indicate that increased oxidative stress plays a role in the cytotoxic action of Topotecan.
Publication: J. Surg. Res. 2005 May 1 ;125(1)::49-55.
Publication Date: 2005 May 1
Study Author(s): Akbas, S Halide;Timur, Mujgan;Ozben, Tomris;
Institution: Department of Biochemistry, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2005 May 1
Study Author(s): Akbas, S Halide;Timur, Mujgan;Ozben, Tomris;
Institution: Department of Biochemistry, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
BACKGROUND : Topotecan, which is a Camptothecin derivative, shows a large spectrum in anti-tumor activity. Topotecan exerts its cytotoxic effect on tumor cells mainly by inhibition of topoisomerase I activity resulting in double-strand DNA breaks. In our study, we investigated the combined cytotoxic action of Topotecan and Quercetin in MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 human breast cancer cells. To examine the possible relation between the cytotoxic activity of Topotecan and oxidative stress, we measured ROS and nitrite levels in both human breast cell lines.
MATERIALS AND METHODS : MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 cells were exposed to Topotecan, Quercetin, or a combination of both agents for 24 h at 37 degrees C. The viability of the cells was measured using the colorimetric MTT (3-(4,5)-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. We determined reactive oxygen species and nitrite levels as indicators of oxidative stress in both cell lines with and without Topotecan and/or Quercetin incubations using fluorometric dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) and diaminonaphtalene (DAN) assay.
RESULTS : The IC(50) concentration of Topotecan was 100 ng/ml in MCF-7 cell line and 160 ng/ml in MDA-MB231 cell line. Treatment with Quercetin enhanced cytotoxicity of Topotecan as 1.4-fold in MCF-7 and 1.3-fold in MDA-MB-231 cell line. A significant increment on ROS and nitrite levels was found in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells following Topotecan incubation.
CONCLUSIONS : Our results suggest that Topotecan has cytotoxic activity against both of the breast cancer cell lines in vitro. A combination with Quercetin increases efficacy of Topotecan in the treatment of breast cancers. Our results indicate that increased oxidative stress plays a role in the cytotoxic action of Topotecan.
MATERIALS AND METHODS : MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 cells were exposed to Topotecan, Quercetin, or a combination of both agents for 24 h at 37 degrees C. The viability of the cells was measured using the colorimetric MTT (3-(4,5)-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. We determined reactive oxygen species and nitrite levels as indicators of oxidative stress in both cell lines with and without Topotecan and/or Quercetin incubations using fluorometric dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) and diaminonaphtalene (DAN) assay.
RESULTS : The IC(50) concentration of Topotecan was 100 ng/ml in MCF-7 cell line and 160 ng/ml in MDA-MB231 cell line. Treatment with Quercetin enhanced cytotoxicity of Topotecan as 1.4-fold in MCF-7 and 1.3-fold in MDA-MB-231 cell line. A significant increment on ROS and nitrite levels was found in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells following Topotecan incubation.
CONCLUSIONS : Our results suggest that Topotecan has cytotoxic activity against both of the breast cancer cell lines in vitro. A combination with Quercetin increases efficacy of Topotecan in the treatment of breast cancers. Our results indicate that increased oxidative stress plays a role in the cytotoxic action of Topotecan.
PMID: 15836850
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