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char = m;code = 109
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char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
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char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Aluminum resistance in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) involves induction and maintenance of citrate exudation from root apices.

Aluminum resistance in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) involves induction and maintenance of citrate exudation from root apices.

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char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
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char = m;code = 109
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char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = .;code = 46
char = );code = 41
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char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
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char = y;code = 121
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char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = A;code = 65
char = l;code = 108
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = Q;code = 81
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char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
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char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = A;code = 65
char = l;code = 108
char = -;code = 45
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = V;code = 86
char = A;code = 65
char = X;code = 88
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = A;code = 65
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char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 5;code = 53
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
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char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
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char = A;code = 65
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
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char = s;code = 115
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char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
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char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
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char = ;code = 32
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char = w;code = 119
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = .;code = 46
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char = A;code = 65
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char = h;code = 104
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = d;code = 100
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char = ;code = 32
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char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = f;code = 102
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char = m;code = 109
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char = i;code = 105
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char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
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char = g;code = 103
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char = y;code = 121
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char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = d;code = 100
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char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = m;code = 109
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char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
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char = b;code = 98
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char = w;code = 119
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char = A;code = 65
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char = i;code = 105
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char = .;code = 46
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char = r;code = 114
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
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char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
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char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = (;code = 40
char = E;code = 69
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 4;code = 52
char = 2;code = 50
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
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char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
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char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
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char = y;code = 121
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char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 4;code = 52
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
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char = h;code = 104
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
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char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
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char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = A;code = 65
char = l;code = 108
char = -;code = 45
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
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char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = Q;code = 81
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = a;code = 97
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = a;code = 97
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char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = D;code = 68
char = -;code = 45
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = y;code = 121
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
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char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = (;code = 40
char = E;code = 69
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 3;code = 51
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = A;code = 65
char = T;code = 84
char = P;code = 80
char = -;code = 45
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char = o;code = 111
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char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
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char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
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char = E;code = 69
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
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char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = 1;code = 49
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char = V;code = 86
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char = X;code = 88
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
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char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
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char = y;code = 121
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char = r;code = 114
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char = m;code = 109
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char = A;code = 65
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char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
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char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
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char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = d;code = 100
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char = i;code = 105
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char = g;code = 103
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char = o;code = 111
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char = y;code = 121
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char = e;code = 101
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char = Q;code = 81
char = u;code = 117
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char = m;code = 109
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
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char = A;code = 65
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = n;code = 110
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char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
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char = l;code = 108
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
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char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
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char = v;code = 118
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char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
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char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = C;code = 67
char = S;code = 83
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char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = E;code = 69
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = 4;code = 52
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 3;code = 51
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char = l;code = 108
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char = E;code = 69
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = 4;code = 52
char = .;code = 46
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char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
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char = I;code = 73
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char = A;code = 65
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char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
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char = V;code = 86
char = A;code = 65
char = X;code = 88
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
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char = a;code = 97
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char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
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char = A;code = 65
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char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
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char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
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char = r;code = 114
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char = d;code = 100
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
result sql = Two common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes differing in aluminum (Al) resistance, Quimbaya (Al-resistant) and VAX-1 (Al-sensitive) were grown in hydroponics for up to 25 h with or without Al, and several parameters related to the exudation of organic acids anions from the root apex were investigated. Al treatment enhanced the exudation of citrate from the root tips of both genotypes. However, its dynamic offers the most consistent relationship between Al-induced inhibition of root elongation and Al accumulation in and exclusion from the root apices. Initially, in both genotypes the short-term (4 h) Al-injury period was characterized by the absence of citrate efflux independent of the citrate content of the root apices, and reduction of cytosolic turnover of citrate conferred by a reduced Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.42) activity. Transient recovery from initial Al stress (4-12 h) was found to be dependent mainly on the capacity to utilize internal citrate pools (Al-resistant genotype Quimbaya) or enhanced citrate synthesis [increased activities of NAD-malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37) and ATP-phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11) in Al-sensitive VAX-1]. Sustained recovery from Al stress through citrate exudation in genotype Quimbaya after 24 h Al treatment relied on restoring the internal citrate pool and the constitutive high activity of citrate synthase (CS) (EC 4.1.3.7) fuelled by high phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31) activity. In the Al-sensitive genotype VAX-1 the citrate exudation and thus Al exclusion and root elongation could not be maintained coinciding with an exhaustion of the internal citrate pool and decreased CS activity.

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