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Probiotics enhance pancreatic glutathione biosynthesis and reduce oxidative stress in experimental acute pancreatitis.char = F;code = 70 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 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= v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = O;code = 79 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = b;code = 98 char = j;code = 106 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = 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R;code = 82 char = A;code = 65 char = N;code = 78 char = D;code = 68 char = O;code = 79 char = M;code = 77 char = L;code = 76 char = Y;code = 89 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = L;code = 76 char = L;code = 76 char = O;code = 79 char = C;code = 67 char = A;code = 65 char = T;code = 84 char = E;code = 69 char = D;code = 68 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = N;code = 78 char = T;code = 84 char = O;code = 79 char = ;code = 32 char = G;code = 71 char = R;code = 82 char = O;code = 79 char = U;code = 85 char = P;code = 80 char = S;code = 83 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = /;code = 47 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = ;code = 32 char = 1;code = 49 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = 2;code = 50 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = 3;code = 51 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = P;code = 80 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = 4;code = 52 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = P;code = 80 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code 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= 109 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = .;code = 46 char = k;code = 107 char = g;code = 103 char = (;code = 40 char = -;code = 45 char = 1;code = 49 char = );code = 41 char = .;code = 46 char = h;code = 104 char = (;code = 40 char = -;code = 45 char = 1;code = 49 char = );code = 41 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = 6;code = 54 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = );code = 41 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = D;code = 68 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = b;code = 98 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = 5;code = 53 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = P;code = 80 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = f;code = 102 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = f;code = 102 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = x;code = 120 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = -;code = 45 char = c;code = 99 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = -;code = 45 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = j;code = 106 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = F;code = 70 char = -;code = 45 char = k;code = 107 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = B;code = 66 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = j;code = 106 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = x;code = 120 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = =;code = 61 char = ;code = 32 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 9;code = 57 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = 1;code = 49 char = .;code = 46 char = 5;code = 53 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = b;code = 98 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = 5;code = 53 char = .;code = 46 char = 5;code = 53 char = ;;code = 59 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = ;code = 32 char = =;code = 61 char = ;code = 32 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 0;code = 48 char = 1;code = 49 char = 4;code = 52 char = );code = 41 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = P;code = 80 char = -;code = 45 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = F;code = 70 char = -;code = 45 char = k;code = 107 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = B;code = 66 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 2;code = 50 char = 0;code = 48 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = b;code = 98 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 5;code = 53 char = 3;code = 51 char = ;code = 32 char = O;code = 79 char = D;code = 68 char = (;code = 40 char = 4;code = 52 char = 5;code = 53 char = 0;code = 48 char = n;code = 110 char = m;code = 109 char = );code = 41 char = /;code = 47 char = m;code = 109 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;;code = 59 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = ;code = 32 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 0;code = 48 char = 0;code = 48 char = 1;code = 49 char = );code = 41 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = u;code = 117 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = P;code = 80 char = -;code = 45 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = x;code = 120 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 2;code = 50 char = 5;code = 53 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = b;code = 98 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 5;code = 53 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = /;code = 47 char = m;code = 109 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;;code = 59 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = ;code = 32 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 0;code = 48 char = 0;code = 48 char = 1;code = 49 char = );code = 41 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = P;code = 80 char = -;code = 45 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = 8;code = 56 char = .;code = 46 char = 8;code = 56 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = b;code = 98 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = 4;code = 52 char = .;code = 46 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = /;code = 47 char = m;code = 109 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = ;code = 32 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 0;code = 48 char = 0;code = 48 char = 1;code = 49 char = );code = 41 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = 8;code = 56 char = .;code = 46 char = 8;code = 56 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = 6;code = 54 char = .;code = 46 char = 1;code = 49 char = 8;code = 56 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = /;code = 47 char = m;code = 109 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = ;code = 32 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 0;code = 48 char = 0;code = 48 char = 1;code = 49 char = );code = 41 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = B;code = 66 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = y;code = 121 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = g;code = 103 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = -;code = 45 char = c;code = 99 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = -;code = 45 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = -;code = 45 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = y;code = 121 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = j;code = 106 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = P;code = 80 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = x;code = 120 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 result sql = Factors determining severity of acute pancreatitis (AP) are poorly understood. Oxidative stress causes acinar cell injury and contributes to the severity, whereas prophylactic probiotics ameliorate experimental pancreatitis. Our objective was to study how probiotics affect oxidative stress, inflammation, and acinar cell injury during the early phase of AP. FIFTY-THREE MALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS WERE RANDOMLY ALLOCATED INTO GROUPS: 1) control, 2) sham procedure, 3) AP with no treatment, 4) AP with probiotics, and 5) AP with placebo. AP was induced under general anesthesia by intraductal glycodeoxycholate infusion (15 mM) and intravenous cerulein (5 microg.kg(-1).h(-1), for 6 h). Daily probiotics or placebo were administered intragastrically, starting 5 days prior to AP. After cerulein infusion, pancreas samples were collected for analysis including lipid peroxidation, glutathione, glutamate-cysteine-ligase activity, histological grading of pancreatic injury, and NF-kappaB activation. The severity of pancreatic injury correlated to oxidative damage (r = 0.9) and was ameliorated by probiotics (1.5 vs. placebo 5.5; P = 0.014). AP-induced NF-kappaB activation was reduced by probiotics (0.20 vs. placebo 0.53 OD(450nm)/mg nuclear protein; P < 0.001). Probiotics attenuated AP-induced lipid peroxidation (0.25 vs. placebo 0.51 pmol malondialdehyde/mg protein; P < 0.001). Not only was AP-induced glutathione depletion prevented (8.81 vs. placebo 4.1 micromol/mg protein, P < 0.001), probiotic pretreatment even increased glutathione compared with sham rats (8.81 vs. sham 6.18 miccromol/mg protein, P < 0.001). Biosynthesis of glutathione (glutamate-cysteine-ligase activity) was enhanced in probiotic-pretreated animals. Probiotics enhanced the biosynthesis of glutathione, which may have reduced activation of inflammation and acinar cell injury and ameliorated experimental AP, via a reduction in oxidative stress.
Publication: Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 2008 Nov ;295(5)::G1111-21. :doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00603.2007.
Publication Date: 2008 Nov
Study Author(s): Lutgendorff, Femke;Trulsson, Lena M;van Minnen, L Paul;Rijkers, Ger T;Timmerman, Harro M;Franzén, Lennart E;Gooszen, Hein G;Akkermans, Louis M A;Söderholm, Johan D;Sandström, Per A;
Institution: Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Univ. Hospital, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden.
Shortcut link to this study:
Factors determining severity of acute pancreatitis (AP) are poorly understood. Oxidative stress causes acinar cell injury and contributes to the severity, whereas prophylactic probiotics ameliorate experimental pancreatitis. Our objective was to study how probiotics affect oxidative stress, inflammation, and acinar cell injury during the early phase of AP. FIFTY-THREE MALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS WERE RANDOMLY ALLOCATED INTO GROUPS: 1) control, 2) sham procedure, 3) AP with no treatment, 4) AP with probiotics, and 5) AP with placebo. AP was induced under general anesthesia by intraductal glycodeoxycholate infusion (15 mM) and intravenous cerulein (5 microg.kg(-1).h(-1), for 6 h). Daily probiotics or placebo were administered intragastrically, starting 5 days prior to AP. After cerulein infusion, pancreas samples were collected for analysis including lipid peroxidation, glutathione, glutamate-cysteine-ligase activity, histological grading of pancreatic injury, and NF-kappaB activation. The severity of pancreatic injury correlated to oxidative damage (r = 0.9) and was ameliorated by probiotics (1.5 vs. placebo 5.5; P = 0.014). AP-induced NF-kappaB activation was reduced by probiotics (0.20 vs. placebo 0.53 OD(450nm)/mg nuclear protein; P < 0.001). Probiotics attenuated AP-induced lipid peroxidation (0.25 vs. placebo 0.51 pmol malondialdehyde/mg protein; P < 0.001). Not only was AP-induced glutathione depletion prevented (8.81 vs. placebo 4.1 micromol/mg protein, P < 0.001), probiotic pretreatment even increased glutathione compared with sham rats (8.81 vs. sham 6.18 miccromol/mg protein, P < 0.001). Biosynthesis of glutathione (glutamate-cysteine-ligase activity) was enhanced in probiotic-pretreated animals. Probiotics enhanced the biosynthesis of glutathione, which may have reduced activation of inflammation and acinar cell injury and ameliorated experimental AP, via a reduction in oxidative stress.
PMID: 18832452