|
|
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char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
result sql = L-type calcium channel blockers reverse docetaxel and vincristine-induced multidrug resistance independent of ABCB1 expression in human lung cancer cell lines.
L-type calcium channel blockers reverse docetaxel and vincristine-induced multidrug resistance independent of ABCB1 expression in human lung cancer cell lines.char = M;code = 77
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char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = B;code = 66
char = C;code = 67
char = B;code = 66
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = x;code = 120
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
char = 3;code = 51
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = B;code = 66
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = A;code = 65
char = B;code = 66
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = D;code = 68
char = R;code = 82
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = V;code = 86
char = E;code = 69
char = R;code = 82
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = B;code = 66
char = C;code = 67
char = B;code = 66
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = -;code = 45
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = -;code = 45
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = B;code = 66
char = C;code = 67
char = B;code = 66
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = V;code = 86
char = E;code = 69
char = R;code = 82
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = -;code = 45
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = D;code = 68
char = I;code = 73
char = L;code = 76
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = N;code = 78
char = I;code = 73
char = F;code = 70
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = D;code = 68
char = R;code = 82
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = B;code = 66
char = C;code = 67
char = B;code = 66
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = V;code = 86
char = E;code = 69
char = R;code = 82
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = B;code = 66
char = C;code = 67
char = B;code = 66
char = 1;code = 49
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = O;code = 79
char = C;code = 67
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = V;code = 86
char = C;code = 67
char = R;code = 82
char = -;code = 45
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = D;code = 68
char = R;code = 82
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = x;code = 120
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = D;code = 68
char = R;code = 82
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
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result sql = Multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells to cytotoxic drugs significantly impedes chemotherapeutic treatment. The purpose of this study is to characterize docetaxel (DOC) or vincristine (VCR) selected A549 and H1299 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) sublines that exhibit MDR phenotypes and followed by re-sensitization study. Although all drug resistant sublines showed cross-resistance to DOC, VCR, and doxorubicin (DXR), the expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter B1 (ABCB1) gene was found to be strongly induced in DOC but not in VCR resistant A549 sublines by quantitative reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In DOC and VCR resistant H1299 sublines, moderate expression of ABCB1 was detected. The levels of ABCB1 protein and efflux activities were further examined by immunoblotting and rhodamin-123 staining assay. The results showed that both ABC and non-ABC mediated MDR are existed. Furthermore, verapamil (VER), an inhibitor of ABCB1 and an L-type calcium channel blocker, is capable of reversing the resistance in all drug-resistant sublines independent of ABCB1 expression. Importantly, VER only sensitizes resistant sublines but has no effect on parental cancer cells. Other L-type calcium channel blockers, such as diltiazem (DIL) and nifedipine (NIF), also sensitize MDR sublines without interfering with ABCB1 activity but with lower efficacy than VER. Our data showed that in addition to ABCB1, calcium channel activity may play a crucial role in DOC- and VCR-acquired MDR. Therefore, inhibition of calcium influx may provide a new target to modulate MDR in chemotherapy.
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result sql = L-type calcium channel blockers reverse docetaxel and vincristine-induced multidrug resistance independent of ABCB1 expression in human lung cancer cell lines.
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char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
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char = A;code = 65
char = B;code = 66
char = C;code = 67
char = B;code = 66
char = 1;code = 49
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = T;code = 84
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char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = B;code = 66
char = C;code = 67
char = B;code = 66
char = 1;code = 49
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char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = x;code = 120
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
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char = i;code = 105
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char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
char = 3;code = 51
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
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char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
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char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = B;code = 66
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = A;code = 65
char = B;code = 66
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = D;code = 68
char = R;code = 82
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = V;code = 86
char = E;code = 69
char = R;code = 82
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = B;code = 66
char = C;code = 67
char = B;code = 66
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = -;code = 45
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = -;code = 45
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = B;code = 66
char = C;code = 67
char = B;code = 66
char = 1;code = 49
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char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = ;code = 32
char = V;code = 86
char = E;code = 69
char = R;code = 82
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
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char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
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char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = -;code = 45
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
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char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = D;code = 68
char = I;code = 73
char = L;code = 76
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = N;code = 78
char = I;code = 73
char = F;code = 70
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = D;code = 68
char = R;code = 82
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = B;code = 66
char = C;code = 67
char = B;code = 66
char = 1;code = 49
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char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = V;code = 86
char = E;code = 69
char = R;code = 82
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = B;code = 66
char = C;code = 67
char = B;code = 66
char = 1;code = 49
char = ,;code = 44
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
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char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
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char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
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char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = O;code = 79
char = C;code = 67
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = V;code = 86
char = C;code = 67
char = R;code = 82
char = -;code = 45
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = D;code = 68
char = R;code = 82
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = x;code = 120
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = D;code = 68
char = R;code = 82
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
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result sql = Multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells to cytotoxic drugs significantly impedes chemotherapeutic treatment. The purpose of this study is to characterize docetaxel (DOC) or vincristine (VCR) selected A549 and H1299 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) sublines that exhibit MDR phenotypes and followed by re-sensitization study. Although all drug resistant sublines showed cross-resistance to DOC, VCR, and doxorubicin (DXR), the expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter B1 (ABCB1) gene was found to be strongly induced in DOC but not in VCR resistant A549 sublines by quantitative reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In DOC and VCR resistant H1299 sublines, moderate expression of ABCB1 was detected. The levels of ABCB1 protein and efflux activities were further examined by immunoblotting and rhodamin-123 staining assay. The results showed that both ABC and non-ABC mediated MDR are existed. Furthermore, verapamil (VER), an inhibitor of ABCB1 and an L-type calcium channel blocker, is capable of reversing the resistance in all drug-resistant sublines independent of ABCB1 expression. Importantly, VER only sensitizes resistant sublines but has no effect on parental cancer cells. Other L-type calcium channel blockers, such as diltiazem (DIL) and nifedipine (NIF), also sensitize MDR sublines without interfering with ABCB1 activity but with lower efficacy than VER. Our data showed that in addition to ABCB1, calcium channel activity may play a crucial role in DOC- and VCR-acquired MDR. Therefore, inhibition of calcium influx may provide a new target to modulate MDR in chemotherapy.
Publication: Toxicol. Lett. 2010 Feb 15 ;192(3)::408-18. :doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.11.018.
Publication Date: 2010 Feb 15
Study Author(s): Chiu, Ling-Yen;Ko, Jiunn-Liang;Lee, Yi-Ju;Yang, Tsung-Ying;Tee, Yi-Torng;Sheu, Gwo-Tarng;
Institution: Institute of Medical and Molecular Toxicology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan.
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2010 Feb 15
Study Author(s): Chiu, Ling-Yen;Ko, Jiunn-Liang;Lee, Yi-Ju;Yang, Tsung-Ying;Tee, Yi-Torng;Sheu, Gwo-Tarng;
Institution: Institute of Medical and Molecular Toxicology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan.
Shortcut link to this study:
Multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells to cytotoxic drugs significantly impedes chemotherapeutic treatment. The purpose of this study is to characterize docetaxel (DOC) or vincristine (VCR) selected A549 and H1299 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) sublines that exhibit MDR phenotypes and followed by re-sensitization study. Although all drug resistant sublines showed cross-resistance to DOC, VCR, and doxorubicin (DXR), the expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter B1 (ABCB1) gene was found to be strongly induced in DOC but not in VCR resistant A549 sublines by quantitative reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In DOC and VCR resistant H1299 sublines, moderate expression of ABCB1 was detected. The levels of ABCB1 protein and efflux activities were further examined by immunoblotting and rhodamin-123 staining assay. The results showed that both ABC and non-ABC mediated MDR are existed. Furthermore, verapamil (VER), an inhibitor of ABCB1 and an L-type calcium channel blocker, is capable of reversing the resistance in all drug-resistant sublines independent of ABCB1 expression. Importantly, VER only sensitizes resistant sublines but has no effect on parental cancer cells. Other L-type calcium channel blockers, such as diltiazem (DIL) and nifedipine (NIF), also sensitize MDR sublines without interfering with ABCB1 activity but with lower efficacy than VER. Our data showed that in addition to ABCB1, calcium channel activity may play a crucial role in DOC- and VCR-acquired MDR. Therefore, inhibition of calcium influx may provide a new target to modulate MDR in chemotherapy.
PMID: 19944135
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