|
|
char = S;code = 83
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Sleep in critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation.
Sleep in critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation.char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = U;code = 85
char = D;code = 68
char = Y;code = 89
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
char = B;code = 66
char = J;code = 74
char = E;code = 69
char = C;code = 67
char = T;code = 84
char = I;code = 73
char = V;code = 86
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = T;code = 84
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = j;code = 106
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = D;code = 68
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = I;code = 73
char = G;code = 71
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = P;code = 80
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = S;code = 83
char = E;code = 69
char = T;code = 84
char = T;code = 84
char = I;code = 73
char = N;code = 78
char = G;code = 71
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = U;code = 85
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = -;code = 45
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = C;code = 67
char = U;code = 85
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = P;code = 80
char = A;code = 65
char = T;code = 84
char = I;code = 73
char = E;code = 69
char = N;code = 78
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = T;code = 84
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = A;code = 65
char = P;code = 80
char = A;code = 65
char = C;code = 67
char = H;code = 72
char = E;code = 69
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = I;code = 73
char = ;code = 32
char = [;code = 91
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = I;code = 73
char = ];code = 93
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = [;code = 91
char = A;code = 65
char = P;code = 80
char = S;code = 83
char = ];code = 93
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 5;code = 53
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = 8;code = 56
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = 6;code = 54
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 5;code = 53
char = ;code = 32
char = y;code = 121
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = j;code = 106
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = j;code = 106
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 8;code = 56
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 9;code = 57
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = C;code = 67
char = U;code = 85
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = M;code = 77
char = E;code = 69
char = A;code = 65
char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = M;code = 77
char = E;code = 69
char = N;code = 78
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = N;code = 78
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = P;code = 80
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 4;code = 52
char = -;code = 45
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = S;code = 83
char = G;code = 71
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = ";code = 34
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = ";code = 34
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
char = 8;code = 56
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 6;code = 54
char = :;code = 58
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = M;code = 77
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = :;code = 58
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = M;code = 77
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = 4;code = 52
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = .;code = 46
char = 9;code = 57
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = :;code = 58
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = M;code = 77
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = 6;code = 54
char = :;code = 58
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = M;code = 77
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 9;code = 57
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = y;code = 121
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = N;code = 78
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = M;code = 77
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = y;code = 121
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = M;code = 77
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 3;code = 51
char = 8;code = 56
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 4;code = 52
char = %;code = 37
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = M;code = 77
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 4;code = 52
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 8;code = 56
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = [;code = 91
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = ];code = 93
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = M;code = 77
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 4;code = 52
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 7;code = 55
char = /;code = 47
char = h;code = 104
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 5;code = 53
char = /;code = 47
char = h;code = 104
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = S;code = 83
char = G;code = 71
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = ";code = 34
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = ";code = 34
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
char = 5;code = 53
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = M;code = 77
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = M;code = 77
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = M;code = 77
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = ";code = 34
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = ";code = 34
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
char = 7;code = 55
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
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result sql = STUDY OBJECTIVES : To objectively measure sleep in critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation and to define selection criteria for future studies of sleep continuity in this population.
DESIGN : Prospective cohort analysis.
SETTING : University teaching hospital medical-surgical ICU.
PATIENTS : Twenty critically ill (APACHE II [acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II] acute physiology score [APS], 10 +/- 5), mechanically ventilated adults (male 12, female 8, age 62 +/- 15 years) with mild to moderate acute lung injury (lung injury score, 1.8 +/- 0.9) 10 +/- 7 days after admission to the ICU.
MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS : Patients were divided into three groups based on 24-h polysomnography (PSG) findings. No patient demonstrated normal sleep. In the "disrupted sleep" group (n = 8), electrophysiologic sleep was identified and was distributed throughout the day (6:00 AM to 10:00 PM; 4.0 +/- 2.9 h) and night (10:00 PM to 6:00 AM; 3.0 +/- 1.9 h) with equivalent proportions of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Nocturnal sleep efficiency was severely reduced (38 +/- 24%) with an increased proportion of stage 1 NREM sleep (40 +/- 28% total sleep time [TST]) and a reduced proportion of REM sleep (10 +/- 14% TST). Severe sleep fragmentation was reflected by a high frequency of arousals (20 +/- 17/h) and awakenings (22 +/- 25/h). Electrophysiologic sleep was not identifiable in the PSG recordings of the remaining patients. These were classified either as "atypical sleep" (n = 5), characterized by transitions from stage 1 NREM to slow wave sleep with a virtual absence of stage 2 NREM and reduced stage REM sleep, or "coma" (n = 7), characterized by > 50% delta or theta EEG activity with (n = 5) and without (n = 2) evidence of EEG activation either spontaneously or in response to deep painful stimuli. The combined atypical sleep and coma groups had a higher APS (13 +/- 4 vs 6 +/- 4) and higher doses of sedative medications than the disrupted sleep group.
CONCLUSION : Sleep, as it is conventionally measured, was identified only in a subgroup of critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation and was severely disrupted. We have proposed specific criteria to select patients for future studies to evaluate potential causes of sleep disruption in this population.
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result sql = Sleep in critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation.
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char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = D;code = 68
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = I;code = 73
char = G;code = 71
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = P;code = 80
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = S;code = 83
char = E;code = 69
char = T;code = 84
char = T;code = 84
char = I;code = 73
char = N;code = 78
char = G;code = 71
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = U;code = 85
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = -;code = 45
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = C;code = 67
char = U;code = 85
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = P;code = 80
char = A;code = 65
char = T;code = 84
char = I;code = 73
char = E;code = 69
char = N;code = 78
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = T;code = 84
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = A;code = 65
char = P;code = 80
char = A;code = 65
char = C;code = 67
char = H;code = 72
char = E;code = 69
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = I;code = 73
char = ;code = 32
char = [;code = 91
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = I;code = 73
char = ];code = 93
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = [;code = 91
char = A;code = 65
char = P;code = 80
char = S;code = 83
char = ];code = 93
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 5;code = 53
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = 8;code = 56
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = 6;code = 54
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 5;code = 53
char = ;code = 32
char = y;code = 121
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = j;code = 106
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = j;code = 106
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 8;code = 56
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 9;code = 57
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = C;code = 67
char = U;code = 85
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = M;code = 77
char = E;code = 69
char = A;code = 65
char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = M;code = 77
char = E;code = 69
char = N;code = 78
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = N;code = 78
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = P;code = 80
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 4;code = 52
char = -;code = 45
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = S;code = 83
char = G;code = 71
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = ";code = 34
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = ";code = 34
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
char = 8;code = 56
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 6;code = 54
char = :;code = 58
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = M;code = 77
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = :;code = 58
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = M;code = 77
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = 4;code = 52
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = .;code = 46
char = 9;code = 57
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = :;code = 58
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = M;code = 77
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = 6;code = 54
char = :;code = 58
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = M;code = 77
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 9;code = 57
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = y;code = 121
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = N;code = 78
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = M;code = 77
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = y;code = 121
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = M;code = 77
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 3;code = 51
char = 8;code = 56
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 4;code = 52
char = %;code = 37
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = M;code = 77
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 4;code = 52
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 8;code = 56
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = [;code = 91
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = ];code = 93
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = M;code = 77
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 4;code = 52
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 7;code = 55
char = /;code = 47
char = h;code = 104
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 5;code = 53
char = /;code = 47
char = h;code = 104
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = S;code = 83
char = G;code = 71
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = ";code = 34
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = ";code = 34
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
char = 5;code = 53
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = M;code = 77
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = M;code = 77
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = M;code = 77
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = ";code = 34
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = n;code = 110
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char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
char = 7;code = 55
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
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char = >;code = 62
char = ;code = 32
char = 5;code = 53
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char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = E;code = 69
char = E;code = 69
char = G;code = 71
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = w;code = 119
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
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char = 5;code = 53
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = E;code = 69
char = G;code = 71
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
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char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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result sql = STUDY OBJECTIVES : To objectively measure sleep in critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation and to define selection criteria for future studies of sleep continuity in this population.
DESIGN : Prospective cohort analysis.
SETTING : University teaching hospital medical-surgical ICU.
PATIENTS : Twenty critically ill (APACHE II [acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II] acute physiology score [APS], 10 +/- 5), mechanically ventilated adults (male 12, female 8, age 62 +/- 15 years) with mild to moderate acute lung injury (lung injury score, 1.8 +/- 0.9) 10 +/- 7 days after admission to the ICU.
MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS : Patients were divided into three groups based on 24-h polysomnography (PSG) findings. No patient demonstrated normal sleep. In the "disrupted sleep" group (n = 8), electrophysiologic sleep was identified and was distributed throughout the day (6:00 AM to 10:00 PM; 4.0 +/- 2.9 h) and night (10:00 PM to 6:00 AM; 3.0 +/- 1.9 h) with equivalent proportions of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Nocturnal sleep efficiency was severely reduced (38 +/- 24%) with an increased proportion of stage 1 NREM sleep (40 +/- 28% total sleep time [TST]) and a reduced proportion of REM sleep (10 +/- 14% TST). Severe sleep fragmentation was reflected by a high frequency of arousals (20 +/- 17/h) and awakenings (22 +/- 25/h). Electrophysiologic sleep was not identifiable in the PSG recordings of the remaining patients. These were classified either as "atypical sleep" (n = 5), characterized by transitions from stage 1 NREM to slow wave sleep with a virtual absence of stage 2 NREM and reduced stage REM sleep, or "coma" (n = 7), characterized by > 50% delta or theta EEG activity with (n = 5) and without (n = 2) evidence of EEG activation either spontaneously or in response to deep painful stimuli. The combined atypical sleep and coma groups had a higher APS (13 +/- 4 vs 6 +/- 4) and higher doses of sedative medications than the disrupted sleep group.
CONCLUSION : Sleep, as it is conventionally measured, was identified only in a subgroup of critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation and was severely disrupted. We have proposed specific criteria to select patients for future studies to evaluate potential causes of sleep disruption in this population.
Publication: Chest 2000 Mar ;117(3)::809-18.
Publication Date: 2000 Mar
Study Author(s): Cooper, A B;Thornley, K S;Young, G B;Slutsky, A S;Stewart, T E;Hanly, P J;
Institution: Division of Respirology and the Critical Care Medicine Program, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2000 Mar
Study Author(s): Cooper, A B;Thornley, K S;Young, G B;Slutsky, A S;Stewart, T E;Hanly, P J;
Institution: Division of Respirology and the Critical Care Medicine Program, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Shortcut link to this study:
STUDY OBJECTIVES : To objectively measure sleep in critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation and to define selection criteria for future studies of sleep continuity in this population.
DESIGN : Prospective cohort analysis.
SETTING : University teaching hospital medical-surgical ICU.
PATIENTS : Twenty critically ill (APACHE II [acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II] acute physiology score [APS], 10 +/- 5), mechanically ventilated adults (male 12, female 8, age 62 +/- 15 years) with mild to moderate acute lung injury (lung injury score, 1.8 +/- 0.9) 10 +/- 7 days after admission to the ICU.
MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS : Patients were divided into three groups based on 24-h polysomnography (PSG) findings. No patient demonstrated normal sleep. In the "disrupted sleep" group (n = 8), electrophysiologic sleep was identified and was distributed throughout the day (6:00 AM to 10:00 PM; 4.0 +/- 2.9 h) and night (10:00 PM to 6:00 AM; 3.0 +/- 1.9 h) with equivalent proportions of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Nocturnal sleep efficiency was severely reduced (38 +/- 24%) with an increased proportion of stage 1 NREM sleep (40 +/- 28% total sleep time [TST]) and a reduced proportion of REM sleep (10 +/- 14% TST). Severe sleep fragmentation was reflected by a high frequency of arousals (20 +/- 17/h) and awakenings (22 +/- 25/h). Electrophysiologic sleep was not identifiable in the PSG recordings of the remaining patients. These were classified either as "atypical sleep" (n = 5), characterized by transitions from stage 1 NREM to slow wave sleep with a virtual absence of stage 2 NREM and reduced stage REM sleep, or "coma" (n = 7), characterized by > 50% delta or theta EEG activity with (n = 5) and without (n = 2) evidence of EEG activation either spontaneously or in response to deep painful stimuli. The combined atypical sleep and coma groups had a higher APS (13 +/- 4 vs 6 +/- 4) and higher doses of sedative medications than the disrupted sleep group.
CONCLUSION : Sleep, as it is conventionally measured, was identified only in a subgroup of critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation and was severely disrupted. We have proposed specific criteria to select patients for future studies to evaluate potential causes of sleep disruption in this population.
DESIGN : Prospective cohort analysis.
SETTING : University teaching hospital medical-surgical ICU.
PATIENTS : Twenty critically ill (APACHE II [acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II] acute physiology score [APS], 10 +/- 5), mechanically ventilated adults (male 12, female 8, age 62 +/- 15 years) with mild to moderate acute lung injury (lung injury score, 1.8 +/- 0.9) 10 +/- 7 days after admission to the ICU.
MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS : Patients were divided into three groups based on 24-h polysomnography (PSG) findings. No patient demonstrated normal sleep. In the "disrupted sleep" group (n = 8), electrophysiologic sleep was identified and was distributed throughout the day (6:00 AM to 10:00 PM; 4.0 +/- 2.9 h) and night (10:00 PM to 6:00 AM; 3.0 +/- 1.9 h) with equivalent proportions of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Nocturnal sleep efficiency was severely reduced (38 +/- 24%) with an increased proportion of stage 1 NREM sleep (40 +/- 28% total sleep time [TST]) and a reduced proportion of REM sleep (10 +/- 14% TST). Severe sleep fragmentation was reflected by a high frequency of arousals (20 +/- 17/h) and awakenings (22 +/- 25/h). Electrophysiologic sleep was not identifiable in the PSG recordings of the remaining patients. These were classified either as "atypical sleep" (n = 5), characterized by transitions from stage 1 NREM to slow wave sleep with a virtual absence of stage 2 NREM and reduced stage REM sleep, or "coma" (n = 7), characterized by > 50% delta or theta EEG activity with (n = 5) and without (n = 2) evidence of EEG activation either spontaneously or in response to deep painful stimuli. The combined atypical sleep and coma groups had a higher APS (13 +/- 4 vs 6 +/- 4) and higher doses of sedative medications than the disrupted sleep group.
CONCLUSION : Sleep, as it is conventionally measured, was identified only in a subgroup of critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation and was severely disrupted. We have proposed specific criteria to select patients for future studies to evaluate potential causes of sleep disruption in this population.
PMID: 10713011
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