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char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = H;code = 72
char = o;code = 111
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
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char = t;code = 116
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char = (;code = 40
char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = .;code = 46
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = a;code = 97
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char = m;code = 109
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
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char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
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char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Development of an owoh-type product from African yam beans (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) (Hoechst (ex. A. Rich.) Harms.) seeds by solid substrate fermentation.
Development of an owoh-type product from African yam beans (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) (Hoechst (ex. A. Rich.) Harms.) seeds by solid substrate fermentation.
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char = y;code = 121
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
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char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
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char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
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char = o;code = 111
char = h;code = 104
char = -;code = 45
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char = .;code = 46
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char = M;code = 77
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char = s;code = 115
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
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char = B;code = 66
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char = l;code = 108
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char = m;code = 109
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char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
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char = B;code = 66
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = B;code = 66
char = .;code = 46
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char = d;code = 100
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char = S;code = 83
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char = h;code = 104
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char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
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char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = .;code = 46
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char = T;code = 84
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
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char = c;code = 99
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char = 8;code = 56
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char = x;code = 120
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = (;code = 40
char = 3;code = 51
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char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = g;code = 103
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char = 1;code = 49
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char = T;code = 84
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char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
char = H;code = 72
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
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char = b;code = 98
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char = a;code = 97
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char = m;code = 109
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 4;code = 52
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 4;code = 52
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 7;code = 55
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 4;code = 52
char = 8;code = 56
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = 9;code = 57
char = 6;code = 54
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = n;code = 110
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
result sql = African yam beans were fermented to obtain an owoh-type product. Microorganisms associated with the fermentation were Bacillus licheniformis, B. pumilus, B. subtilis and Staphylococcus sp. Total microbial counts increased from 1.53 x 10(5) cfu/g to 1.51 x 10(9) cfu/g under aerobic conditions, and from 8.0 x 10(3) cfu/g to 1.35 x 10(7) cfu/g under conditions of reduced oxygen tension. The pH of the substrate increased throughout the fermentation, from 6.8 to 7.5. A comparison of unfermented seeds with the fermented product showed that there were decreases in the levels of total nitrogen, crude protein, crude fiber and lipids, and that there were increases in the levels of carbohydrate and total organic matter. Enzyme activities during fermentation revealed that amylase production was erratic showing a slight increase during the first 24 h followed by a steep rise in activity in the next 24 h. By contrast, lipase activity increased rapidly throughout the first 72 h while proteinase activity followed a type of sigmoid curve with a steady increase in activity within the first 48 h and a relatively high activity until the 96th h before plunging downwards.

Publication: Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2001 ;56(2)::183-94.
Publication Date: 2001
Study Author(s): Ogbonna, D N;Sokari, T G;Achinewhu, S C;
Institution: Department of Biological Sciences, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Shortcut link to this study:
African yam beans were fermented to obtain an owoh-type product. Microorganisms associated with the fermentation were Bacillus licheniformis, B. pumilus, B. subtilis and Staphylococcus sp. Total microbial counts increased from 1.53 x 10(5) cfu/g to 1.51 x 10(9) cfu/g under aerobic conditions, and from 8.0 x 10(3) cfu/g to 1.35 x 10(7) cfu/g under conditions of reduced oxygen tension. The pH of the substrate increased throughout the fermentation, from 6.8 to 7.5. A comparison of unfermented seeds with the fermented product showed that there were decreases in the levels of total nitrogen, crude protein, crude fiber and lipids, and that there were increases in the levels of carbohydrate and total organic matter. Enzyme activities during fermentation revealed that amylase production was erratic showing a slight increase during the first 24 h followed by a steep rise in activity in the next 24 h. By contrast, lipase activity increased rapidly throughout the first 72 h while proteinase activity followed a type of sigmoid curve with a steady increase in activity within the first 48 h and a relatively high activity until the 96th h before plunging downwards.
PMID: 11318507

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