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result sql = Adenosine triphosphate accelerates recovery from hypoxic/hypoglycemic perturbation of guinea pig hippocampal neurotransmission via a P(2) receptor.
Adenosine triphosphate accelerates recovery from hypoxic/hypoglycemic perturbation of guinea pig hippocampal neurotransmission via a P(2) receptor.
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
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char = P;code = 80
char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
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char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = K;code = 75
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char = +;code = 43
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = -;code = 45
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = T;code = 84
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = ,;code = 44
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = -;code = 45
char = M;code = 77
char = e;code = 101
char = A;code = 65
char = T;code = 84
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = A;code = 65
char = B;code = 66
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = a;code = 97
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = +;code = 43
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = T;code = 84
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = A;code = 65
char = B;code = 66
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
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char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
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char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = y;code = 121
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = G;code = 71
char = A;code = 65
char = B;code = 66
char = A;code = 65
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char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
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char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
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char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
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char = d;code = 100
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
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char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
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char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = r;code = 114
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char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
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char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
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char = x;code = 120
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char = e;code = 101
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char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
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char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
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char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = S;code = 83
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = 0;code = 48
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
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char = 5;code = 53
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char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = T;code = 84
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
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char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = b;code = 98
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = M;code = 77
char = e;code = 101
char = A;code = 65
char = T;code = 84
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = 8;code = 56
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char = %;code = 37
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
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char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
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char = .;code = 46
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char = A;code = 65
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char = s;code = 115
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char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
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char = t;code = 116
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = m;code = 109
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char = c;code = 99
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char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = t;code = 116
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char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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result sql = The present study was designed to assess the effects of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) on hippocampal neurotransmissions under the normal and hypoxic/hypoglycemic conditions. ATP reversely depressed population spikes (PSs), which were monitored in the dentate gyrus of guinea pig hippocampal slices, in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations ranged from 0.1 micro M to 1 mM. A similar depression was obtained with the P(2) receptor agonist, alpha,beta-methylene ATP (alpha,beta-MeATP), and the effect was inhibited by the P(2) receptor antagonists, suramin and PPADS. The inhibitory action of ATP or alpha,beta-MeATP was inhibited by the gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) (GABA(A)) receptor antagonist, bicuculline, but it was not affected by theophylline, a broad inhibitor of adenosine (P(1)) receptors, tetraethylammonium, a broad inhibitor of K(+) channels, or ecto-protein kinase inhibitors. ATP or alpha,beta-MeATP enhanced GABA release from guinea pig hippocampal slices, that was inhibited by deleting extracellular Ca(2+) or in the presence of tetrodotoxin, while ATP had no effect on GABA release from cultured rat hippocampal astrocytes or postsynaptic GABA-gated channel currents in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Twenty-minutes deprivation of glucose and oxygen from extracellular solution abolished PSs, the amplitude recovering to about 30% of basal levels 50 min after returning to normal conditions. ATP or alpha,beta-MeATP accelerated the recovery after hypoxic/hypoglycemic insult (approximately 80% of basal levels). Adenosine diphosphate and adenosine monophosphate accelerated the recovery, but to a much lesser extent, and adenosine had no effect. The results of the present study thus suggest that ATP inhibits neuronal activity by enhancing neuronal GABA release via a P(2) receptor, perhaps a P2X receptor, thereby protecting against hypoxic/hypoglycemic perturbation of hippocampal neurotransmission.

Publication: Brain Res. 2002 Oct 11 ;952(1)::31-7.
Publication Date: 2002 Oct 11
Study Author(s): Aihara, Hideo;Fujiwara, Susumu;Mizuta, Ikuko;Tada, Hitoshi;Kanno, Takeshi;Tozaki, Hidetoshi;Nagai, Kaoru;Yajima, Yukio;Inoue, Kazuhide;Kondoh, Takeshi;Motooka, Yasuhiko;Nishizaki, Tomoyuki;
Institution: Department of Physiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan.
Shortcut link to this study:
The present study was designed to assess the effects of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) on hippocampal neurotransmissions under the normal and hypoxic/hypoglycemic conditions. ATP reversely depressed population spikes (PSs), which were monitored in the dentate gyrus of guinea pig hippocampal slices, in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations ranged from 0.1 micro M to 1 mM. A similar depression was obtained with the P(2) receptor agonist, alpha,beta-methylene ATP (alpha,beta-MeATP), and the effect was inhibited by the P(2) receptor antagonists, suramin and PPADS. The inhibitory action of ATP or alpha,beta-MeATP was inhibited by the gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) (GABA(A)) receptor antagonist, bicuculline, but it was not affected by theophylline, a broad inhibitor of adenosine (P(1)) receptors, tetraethylammonium, a broad inhibitor of K(+) channels, or ecto-protein kinase inhibitors. ATP or alpha,beta-MeATP enhanced GABA release from guinea pig hippocampal slices, that was inhibited by deleting extracellular Ca(2+) or in the presence of tetrodotoxin, while ATP had no effect on GABA release from cultured rat hippocampal astrocytes or postsynaptic GABA-gated channel currents in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Twenty-minutes deprivation of glucose and oxygen from extracellular solution abolished PSs, the amplitude recovering to about 30% of basal levels 50 min after returning to normal conditions. ATP or alpha,beta-MeATP accelerated the recovery after hypoxic/hypoglycemic insult (approximately 80% of basal levels). Adenosine diphosphate and adenosine monophosphate accelerated the recovery, but to a much lesser extent, and adenosine had no effect. The results of the present study thus suggest that ATP inhibits neuronal activity by enhancing neuronal GABA release via a P(2) receptor, perhaps a P2X receptor, thereby protecting against hypoxic/hypoglycemic perturbation of hippocampal neurotransmission.
PMID: 12363401

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