char = P;code = 80
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Photoreduction of bicarbonate catalyzed by supported cadmium sulfide.
Photoreduction of bicarbonate catalyzed by supported cadmium sulfide.
char = C;code = 67
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = C;code = 67
char = d;code = 100
char = S;code = 83
char = -;code = 45
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = /;code = 47
char = S;code = 83
char = i;code = 105
char = O;code = 79
char = 2;code = 50
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
char = 4;code = 52
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 1;code = 49
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 7;code = 55
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 5;code = 53
char = %;code = 37
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = z;code = 122
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = C;code = 67
char = d;code = 100
char = S;code = 83
char = -;code = 45
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = /;code = 47
char = Z;code = 90
char = n;code = 110
char = S;code = 83
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
char = 5;code = 53
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = 0;code = 48
char = %;code = 37
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = z;code = 122
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 8;code = 56
char = 8;code = 56
char = -;code = 45
char = 2;code = 50
char = 8;code = 56
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = 4;code = 52
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = (;code = 40
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = f;code = 102
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = d;code = 100
char = S;code = 83
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = 7;code = 55
char = /;code = 47
char = S;code = 83
char = i;code = 105
char = O;code = 79
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 5;code = 53
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
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char = x;code = 120
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = U;code = 85
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = >;code = 62
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 9;code = 57
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = m;code = 109
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = 1;code = 49
char = -;code = 45
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
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char = n;code = 110
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
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char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = 3;code = 51
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = o;code = 111
char = M;code = 77
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char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = 2;code = 50
char = -;code = 45
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = o;code = 111
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char = l;code = 108
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char = 1;code = 49
char = -;code = 45
char = 8;code = 56
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = M;code = 77
char = .;code = 46
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char = F;code = 70
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
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char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
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char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
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char = d;code = 100
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char = t;code = 116
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char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
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char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
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char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
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char = a;code = 97
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char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = .;code = 46
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char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
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char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
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char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
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char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = z;code = 122
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
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char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
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char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = g;code = 103
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char = e;code = 101
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char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = y;code = 121
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char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
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char = v;code = 118
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char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = s;code = 115
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char = g;code = 103
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char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
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char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = 5;code = 53
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
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char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = 4;code = 52
char = 0;code = 48
char = -;code = 45
char = f;code = 102
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char = d;code = 100
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
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char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
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char = c;code = 99
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char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = m;code = 109
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char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = z;code = 122
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
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char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
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char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
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char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
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char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
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char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
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char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = s;code = 115
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char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = d;code = 100
char = S;code = 83
char = -;code = 45
char = 0;code = 48
char = 5;code = 53
char = /;code = 47
char = Z;code = 90
char = n;code = 110
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
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char = s;code = 115
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
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char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
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char = b;code = 98
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char = l;code = 108
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char = i;code = 105
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char = f;code = 102
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char = d;code = 100
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char = s;code = 115
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char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = y;code = 121
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char = a;code = 97
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char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
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char = f;code = 102
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char = u;code = 117
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char = s;code = 115
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char = l;code = 108
char = f;code = 102
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
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char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
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char = f;code = 102
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char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
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result sql = Cadmium sulfide supported on silica (CdS-chi/SiO2, chi = 4, 11, 17, 25%) and zinc sulfide (CdS-chi/ZnS, chi = 5, 10, 20, 30%) was prepared by impregnation with cadmium sulfate and subsequent addition of sodium sulfide. The specific surface areas of the silica and zinc sulfide supported powders are in the range o f 188-280 and 95-104 m2 g(-1), respectively. After sonication of an aqueous suspension of CdS-17/SiO2 the particle size distribution exhibited two maxima at 22 and 57 microm. In the presence of sodium sulfite the supported cadmium sulfides photocatalyze the reduction of bicarbonate to formate, formaldehyde, and oxalate. Upon polychromatic irradiation (lambda > or = 290 nm) the C1-products formate and formaldehyde were obtained in concentrations of 30-130 microM whereas the C2-product oxalate reached only 1-8 microM. Formaldehyde is not formed through reduction of intermediate formate whereas oxalate is produced via oxidation of the latter. The linear increase of oxalate concentration with coverage can be rationalized by the assumption that dimerization of the intermediate carbon dioxide radical anion does not occur on the cadmium sulfide but in solution or on the silica surface. For zinc sulfide supported samples the coverages of 10, 20, and 30% do not change the photocatalytic activity significantly whereas a loading of 5% induces a 40-fold and 16-fold increase as compared to unmodified cadmium and zinc sulfide, respectively. This strong enhancement suggests that in CdS-05/ZnS the efficiency of charge separation is strongly improved through interparticle electron transfer. The results demonstrate that both silica and zinc sulfide supports increase the photocatalytic activity of cadmium sulfide through the presence of a recently found electronic semiconductor-support interaction (SEMSI effect). Additionally, the low coverage sample CdS-05/ZnS combines this novel effect with the higher charge separation efficiency of a coupled semiconductor system.

Publication: Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 2002 Apr ;1(4)::240-5.
Publication Date: 2002 Apr
Study Author(s): Kisch, Horst;Lutz, Peter;
Institution: Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
Shortcut link to this study:
Cadmium sulfide supported on silica (CdS-chi/SiO2, chi = 4, 11, 17, 25%) and zinc sulfide (CdS-chi/ZnS, chi = 5, 10, 20, 30%) was prepared by impregnation with cadmium sulfate and subsequent addition of sodium sulfide. The specific surface areas of the silica and zinc sulfide supported powders are in the range o f 188-280 and 95-104 m2 g(-1), respectively. After sonication of an aqueous suspension of CdS-17/SiO2 the particle size distribution exhibited two maxima at 22 and 57 microm. In the presence of sodium sulfite the supported cadmium sulfides photocatalyze the reduction of bicarbonate to formate, formaldehyde, and oxalate. Upon polychromatic irradiation (lambda > or = 290 nm) the C1-products formate and formaldehyde were obtained in concentrations of 30-130 microM whereas the C2-product oxalate reached only 1-8 microM. Formaldehyde is not formed through reduction of intermediate formate whereas oxalate is produced via oxidation of the latter. The linear increase of oxalate concentration with coverage can be rationalized by the assumption that dimerization of the intermediate carbon dioxide radical anion does not occur on the cadmium sulfide but in solution or on the silica surface. For zinc sulfide supported samples the coverages of 10, 20, and 30% do not change the photocatalytic activity significantly whereas a loading of 5% induces a 40-fold and 16-fold increase as compared to unmodified cadmium and zinc sulfide, respectively. This strong enhancement suggests that in CdS-05/ZnS the efficiency of charge separation is strongly improved through interparticle electron transfer. The results demonstrate that both silica and zinc sulfide supports increase the photocatalytic activity of cadmium sulfide through the presence of a recently found electronic semiconductor-support interaction (SEMSI effect). Additionally, the low coverage sample CdS-05/ZnS combines this novel effect with the higher charge separation efficiency of a coupled semiconductor system.
PMID: 12661963

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