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result sql = Transbuccal permeation, anti-inflammatory activity and clinical efficacy of piroxicam formulated in different gels.
Transbuccal permeation, anti-inflammatory activity and clinical efficacy of piroxicam formulated in different gels.
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char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = N;code = 78
char = a;code = 97
char = T;code = 84
char = G;code = 71
char = C;code = 67
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
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char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
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char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = C;code = 67
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = P;code = 80
char = M;code = 77
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = 7;code = 55
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = g;code = 103
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = a;code = 97
char = D;code = 68
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = k;code = 107
char = a;code = 97
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = 7;code = 55
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = g;code = 103
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = P;code = 80
char = M;code = 77
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = w;code = 119
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = i;code = 105
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char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = w;code = 119
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char = t;code = 116
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char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = v;code = 118
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = a;code = 97
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char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
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char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
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char = n;code = 110
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char = m;code = 109
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char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
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char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 7;code = 55
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = g;code = 103
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = P;code = 80
char = M;code = 77
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
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char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
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result sql = In attempts to avoid the systemic side effects of piroxicam (PC) (e.g. gastrotoxicity), several buccal gel formulations containing PC were prepared and their effects on the characteristics of the drug permeation through rabbit buccal mucosa in-vitro were evaluated using a Franz-type diffusion cell. The general rank order of the total flux of 0.5% PC from gels was found to be: hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC, 2.5%) > hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC, 2.5%) >or= sodium alginate (Na alg., 7%) > methylcellulose (MC, 3%) > hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC, 1.5%) > carbopol 934 (Carb. 934, 1%) >or= sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC, 2%) > pluronic F-127 (PF-127, 20%) > polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, 10%). The effect of various penetration enhancers 1% sodium lauryl sulphate (NaLS), 3% sodium deoxycholate (NaDC), 3% sodium tauroglycocholate (NaTGC) on the rate of permeation across the excised buccal mucosa (of 0.5% PC in gels prepared using 3% MC, 2.5% HPMC or 7% Na alg. base) and histology of the buccal epithelium was also investigated. Pharmacodynamic evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of PC in these gel formulations (containing 3% NaDC as an enhancer) was carried out using the kaolin-induced rat paw oedema method. The results obtained indicated that PC administered in 7% Na alg. or 2.5% HPMC gel bases was significantly more effective than the 3% MC gel and oral drug solution in suppressing oedema formation in rats. Comparative clinical studies were conducted in patients with post-operative dental pain and oedema following maxillofacial operations. The results revealed that 7% Na alg. and 2.5% HPMC gel formulations applied to the buccal mucosa were slightly better than or equally effective to the orally administered commercial product (Feldene Flash) tablet) in reducing pain level, swelling and tenderness within a period of 4 days. These findings suggest that PC (0.5%) administered in the buccal gel may present a potential therapeutical use as a strong anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent.

Publication: Int J Pharm 2004 May 19 ;276(1-2)::11-28.
Publication Date: 2004 May 19
Study Author(s): Attia, M A;El-Gibaly, I;Shaltout, S E;Fetih, G N;
Institution: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
In attempts to avoid the systemic side effects of piroxicam (PC) (e.g. gastrotoxicity), several buccal gel formulations containing PC were prepared and their effects on the characteristics of the drug permeation through rabbit buccal mucosa in-vitro were evaluated using a Franz-type diffusion cell. The general rank order of the total flux of 0.5% PC from gels was found to be: hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC, 2.5%) > hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC, 2.5%) >or= sodium alginate (Na alg., 7%) > methylcellulose (MC, 3%) > hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC, 1.5%) > carbopol 934 (Carb. 934, 1%) >or= sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC, 2%) > pluronic F-127 (PF-127, 20%) > polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, 10%). The effect of various penetration enhancers 1% sodium lauryl sulphate (NaLS), 3% sodium deoxycholate (NaDC), 3% sodium tauroglycocholate (NaTGC) on the rate of permeation across the excised buccal mucosa (of 0.5% PC in gels prepared using 3% MC, 2.5% HPMC or 7% Na alg. base) and histology of the buccal epithelium was also investigated. Pharmacodynamic evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of PC in these gel formulations (containing 3% NaDC as an enhancer) was carried out using the kaolin-induced rat paw oedema method. The results obtained indicated that PC administered in 7% Na alg. or 2.5% HPMC gel bases was significantly more effective than the 3% MC gel and oral drug solution in suppressing oedema formation in rats. Comparative clinical studies were conducted in patients with post-operative dental pain and oedema following maxillofacial operations. The results revealed that 7% Na alg. and 2.5% HPMC gel formulations applied to the buccal mucosa were slightly better than or equally effective to the orally administered commercial product (Feldene Flash) tablet) in reducing pain level, swelling and tenderness within a period of 4 days. These findings suggest that PC (0.5%) administered in the buccal gel may present a potential therapeutical use as a strong anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent.
PMID: 15113610

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