char = [;code = 91
char = C;code = 67
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = -;code = 45
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ?;code = 63
char = ];code = 93
char = .;code = 46
result sql = [Chronic anal fissure--conservative or surgical treatment?].
[Chronic anal fissure--conservative or surgical treatment?].
char = C;code = 67
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = T;code = 84
char = H;code = 72
char = E;code = 69
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = A;code = 65
char = I;code = 73
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = I;code = 73
char = L;code = 76
char = M;code = 77
char = E;code = 69
char = N;code = 78
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = P;code = 80
char = O;code = 79
char = R;code = 82
char = T;code = 84
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = Y;code = 89
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = H;code = 72
char = E;code = 69
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = I;code = 73
char = C;code = 67
char = K;code = 75
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = y;code = 121
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = I;code = 73
char = A;code = 65
char = S;code = 83
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
result sql = Chronic anal fissure is one of the most common anus diseases. THE MAIN AILMENTS REPORTED BY THE SICK ARE: stubborn pain connected with defecation and bleeding. Etiopathogenesis of this disease has not been exactly explained yet. The most important factors are anodermal blood flow disturbances and excessive cramp of internal anal sphincter (IAS). Lateral sphincterotomy is the main way of treatment. However, a very dangerous complication as a stool incontinence may occur. As far as a pharmacological treatment is concerned, nitric oxide donors, calcium channel antagonist and botulinum toxin have been used. In some patients threatened with stool incontinence botulinum toxin may be used as an alternative way of treatment right after surgical treatment. Other ways of conservative treatment seem to be less effective due to the side effects and the frequency of repeating doses. The view on the etiopathogenesis of anal fissure, the ways of surgical treatment and the mechanism of activity of drugs used in the conservative treatment are presented in this paper.

Publication: Wiad. Lek. 2004 ;57(1-2)::80-4.
Publication Date: 2004
Study Author(s): Sandelewski, Artur;Kozera, Jarosław;Dyaczyński, Michał;Tomsia, Dariusz;
Institution: Oddziału Chirurgii Ogólnej Szpitala Miejskiego w Jaworznie. rufarpoczta.onet.pl
Shortcut link to this study:
Chronic anal fissure is one of the most common anus diseases. THE MAIN AILMENTS REPORTED BY THE SICK ARE: stubborn pain connected with defecation and bleeding. Etiopathogenesis of this disease has not been exactly explained yet. The most important factors are anodermal blood flow disturbances and excessive cramp of internal anal sphincter (IAS). Lateral sphincterotomy is the main way of treatment. However, a very dangerous complication as a stool incontinence may occur. As far as a pharmacological treatment is concerned, nitric oxide donors, calcium channel antagonist and botulinum toxin have been used. In some patients threatened with stool incontinence botulinum toxin may be used as an alternative way of treatment right after surgical treatment. Other ways of conservative treatment seem to be less effective due to the side effects and the frequency of repeating doses. The view on the etiopathogenesis of anal fissure, the ways of surgical treatment and the mechanism of activity of drugs used in the conservative treatment are presented in this paper.
PMID: 15181755

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