char = [;code = 91
char = C;code = 67
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ];code = 93
char = .;code = 46
result sql = [Changes in antioxidative system and cell ultrastructure in the fruit peels of apple during sunburn development].
[Changes in antioxidative system and cell ultrastructure in the fruit peels of apple during sunburn development].
char = F;code = 70
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = 6;code = 54
char = -;code = 45
char = y;code = 121
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = -;code = 45
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = M;code = 77
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = k;code = 107
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = v;code = 118
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = u;code = 117
char = j;code = 106
char = i;code = 105
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = J;code = 74
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 2;code = 50
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = );code = 41
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = n;code = 110
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = u;code = 117
char = j;code = 106
char = i;code = 105
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
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char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
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char = P;code = 80
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = c;code = 99
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char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
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char = n;code = 110
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char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = y;code = 121
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char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = S;code = 83
char = O;code = 79
char = D;code = 68
char = ,;code = 44
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char = P;code = 80
char = O;code = 79
char = D;code = 68
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char = P;code = 80
char = P;code = 80
char = O;code = 79
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char = C;code = 67
char = A;code = 65
char = T;code = 84
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
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char = c;code = 99
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char = l;code = 108
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char = l;code = 108
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char = u;code = 117
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char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
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char = i;code = 105
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char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
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char = e;code = 101
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char = d;code = 100
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
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char = m;code = 109
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char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = b;code = 98
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char = r;code = 114
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char = .;code = 46
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char = a;code = 97
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char = z;code = 122
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char = H;code = 72
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char = s;code = 115
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char = d;code = 100
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char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
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char = ;code = 32
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char = a;code = 97
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char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
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char = u;code = 117
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char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
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char = d;code = 100
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char = s;code = 115
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char = d;code = 100
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char = d;code = 100
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
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char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
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char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = >;code = 62
result sql = Fruits from 6-year-old apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh cv. Fuji) were used as materials to test the changes of antioxidative system and cell ultrastructure of fruit peels during sunburn development. Fruit sunburn appeared in mid July, 2002. The process of apple fruit sunburn was divided into three phases (0 degrees : control): 1 degrees : bleaching, 2 degrees : brownness, and 3 degrees : necrosis. Fuji apple fruits in different sunburn state were picked. Phenolic compounds, membrane protective enzymes (SOD, POD, PPO, CAT), cell membrane lipid peroxidation and cell ultrastructure in fruit peel were studied. The result showed that the degree of cell membrane lipid peroxidation enhanced along with development of sunburn. The activity of membrane protective enzymes also increased remarkably. However, the cell structure kept its integrity, except some organelles which partly disassembled, and cytoplasm and vacuoles became enriched with electron-dense substances while fruit peels became pale. As peel became brown, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, rutin and myricetin accumulated, and cells of outer layers of the epidermis collapsed correspondingly, cell wall became thicker. It is suggested that changes in both cell ultrastructure and antioxidative system confirm that physiological state of fruit peels becomes disordered during sunburn development.

Publication: Zhi Wu Sheng Li Yu Fen Zi Sheng Wu Xue Xue Bao 2004 Feb ;30(1)::19-26.
Publication Date: 2004 Feb
Study Author(s): Hao, Yan-Yan;Huang, Wei-Dong;
Institution: College of Food and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100038, China.
Shortcut link to this study:
Fruits from 6-year-old apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh cv. Fuji) were used as materials to test the changes of antioxidative system and cell ultrastructure of fruit peels during sunburn development. Fruit sunburn appeared in mid July, 2002. The process of apple fruit sunburn was divided into three phases (0 degrees : control): 1 degrees : bleaching, 2 degrees : brownness, and 3 degrees : necrosis. Fuji apple fruits in different sunburn state were picked. Phenolic compounds, membrane protective enzymes (SOD, POD, PPO, CAT), cell membrane lipid peroxidation and cell ultrastructure in fruit peel were studied. The result showed that the degree of cell membrane lipid peroxidation enhanced along with development of sunburn. The activity of membrane protective enzymes also increased remarkably. However, the cell structure kept its integrity, except some organelles which partly disassembled, and cytoplasm and vacuoles became enriched with electron-dense substances while fruit peels became pale. As peel became brown, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, rutin and myricetin accumulated, and cells of outer layers of the epidermis collapsed correspondingly, cell wall became thicker. It is suggested that changes in both cell ultrastructure and antioxidative system confirm that physiological state of fruit peels becomes disordered during sunburn development.
PMID: 15583404

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