char = I;code = 73
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Iron overload in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection: clinical and histological study.
Iron overload in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection: clinical and histological study.
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = B;code = 66
char = A;code = 65
char = C;code = 67
char = K;code = 75
char = G;code = 71
char = R;code = 82
char = O;code = 79
char = U;code = 85
char = N;code = 78
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = R;code = 82
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = H;code = 72
char = C;code = 67
char = V;code = 86
char = );code = 41
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = H;code = 72
char = I;code = 73
char = C;code = 67
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
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char = ;code = 32
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char = h;code = 104
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char = o;code = 111
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char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = C;code = 67
char = V;code = 86
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = M;code = 77
char = E;code = 69
char = T;code = 84
char = H;code = 72
char = O;code = 79
char = D;code = 68
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = P;code = 80
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = -;code = 45
char = H;code = 72
char = C;code = 67
char = V;code = 86
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = C;code = 67
char = V;code = 86
char = -;code = 45
char = R;code = 82
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
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char = c;code = 99
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char = n;code = 110
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = I;code = 73
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
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char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
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char = a;code = 97
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char = o;code = 111
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = A;code = 65
char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
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char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = (;code = 40
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
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char = n;code = 110
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char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
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char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = C;code = 67
char = V;code = 86
char = -;code = 45
char = R;code = 82
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
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char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
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char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
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char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
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char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
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char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = W;code = 87
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = y;code = 121
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char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = N;code = 78
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = s;code = 115
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char = x;code = 120
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char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = s;code = 115
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char = (;code = 40
char = 5;code = 53
char = 8;code = 56
char = %;code = 37
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char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = 4;code = 52
char = 4;code = 52
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = d;code = 100
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = S;code = 83
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
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char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
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char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = 2;code = 50
char = 8;code = 56
char = %;code = 37
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 7;code = 55
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
char = 5;code = 53
char = .;code = 46
char = 6;code = 54
char = %;code = 37
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
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char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
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char = 3;code = 51
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char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
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char = o;code = 111
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char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = 7;code = 55
char = %;code = 37
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = H;code = 72
char = I;code = 73
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
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char = >;code = 62
char = 3;code = 51
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char = m;code = 109
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char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
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char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 5;code = 53
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char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = n;code = 110
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = H;code = 72
char = I;code = 73
char = C;code = 67
char = .;code = 46
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char = H;code = 72
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = H;code = 72
char = I;code = 73
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
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char = a;code = 97
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char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
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char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
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char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = i;code = 105
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char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
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char = w;code = 119
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = i;code = 105
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char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = ;code = 32
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char = ;code = 32
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char = i;code = 105
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char = l;code = 108
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char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
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char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
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char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
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char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
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char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
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char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
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char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
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result sql = BACKGROUND : Recently it has been found that iron is an important element in the natural history of hepatitis C. Serum markers of iron stores are frequently increased in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected carriers but the real impact of the hepatic iron overload is poorly understood. The purpose of the present paper was to determine the prevalence of iron overload and to study the relationship between hepatic iron concentration (HIC) and clinical, biochemical and histological characteristics in chronic HCV-infected carriers.

METHODS : Patients presenting with anti-HCV and HCV-RNA were included. Hepatic iron concentration was determined in liver tissue by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The association between HIC and age, gender, risk factor of transmission, duration of infection, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, iron and serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, HCV-RNA level, grading of inflammatory activity, staging of fibrosis, hepatic steatosis, and stainable iron was analyzed. Statistical analysis included the Mann-Whitney test and a multiple linear regression model.

RESULTS : Ninety-six patients (58% male) with a mean age of 44 +/- 10 years were studied. Serum iron, ferritin and transferrin saturation were elevated in 28%, 27% and 12.5% of patients, respectively. Stainable iron was detected in few patients (15.6%). Higher grades of stainable iron (2 and 3) were observed in only 7%. The HIC (>30 mmol/g dry weight) was elevated in five patients (5%). Neither grading nor staging were related to HIC. Higher HIC were observed in male patients (P < 0.001), in patients with elevated serum ferritin (P = 0.001) and in patients with stainable iron (grades 2 and 3; P = 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that only stainable iron was independently correlated with HIC (P = 0.003).

CONCLUSIONS : Iron overload in chronically HCV-infected patients was uncommon and hepatic iron content seemed not to be related to the liver damage process. In the eventuality of iron overload, histochemical liver iron is a useful marker to estimate HIC.

Publication: J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2005 Feb ;20(2)::243-8.
Publication Date: 2005 Feb
Study Author(s): Silva, Ivonete S S;Perez, Renata M;Oliveira, Pedro V;Cantagalo, Maria Inês;Dantas, Elizabete;Sisti, Cristina;Figueiredo-Mendes, Cláudio;Lanzoni, Valeria P;Silva, Antonio E B;Ferraz, Maria Lucia G;
Institution: Department of Gastroenterology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, 2nd floor, CEP 04023-900 São Paulo-SP, Brazil. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
BACKGROUND : Recently it has been found that iron is an important element in the natural history of hepatitis C. Serum markers of iron stores are frequently increased in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected carriers but the real impact of the hepatic iron overload is poorly understood. The purpose of the present paper was to determine the prevalence of iron overload and to study the relationship between hepatic iron concentration (HIC) and clinical, biochemical and histological characteristics in chronic HCV-infected carriers.

METHODS : Patients presenting with anti-HCV and HCV-RNA were included. Hepatic iron concentration was determined in liver tissue by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The association between HIC and age, gender, risk factor of transmission, duration of infection, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, iron and serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, HCV-RNA level, grading of inflammatory activity, staging of fibrosis, hepatic steatosis, and stainable iron was analyzed. Statistical analysis included the Mann-Whitney test and a multiple linear regression model.

RESULTS : Ninety-six patients (58% male) with a mean age of 44 +/- 10 years were studied. Serum iron, ferritin and transferrin saturation were elevated in 28%, 27% and 12.5% of patients, respectively. Stainable iron was detected in few patients (15.6%). Higher grades of stainable iron (2 and 3) were observed in only 7%. The HIC (>30 mmol/g dry weight) was elevated in five patients (5%). Neither grading nor staging were related to HIC. Higher HIC were observed in male patients (P < 0.001), in patients with elevated serum ferritin (P = 0.001) and in patients with stainable iron (grades 2 and 3; P = 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that only stainable iron was independently correlated with HIC (P = 0.003).

CONCLUSIONS : Iron overload in chronically HCV-infected patients was uncommon and hepatic iron content seemed not to be related to the liver damage process. In the eventuality of iron overload, histochemical liver iron is a useful marker to estimate HIC.
PMID: 15683427

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