|
|
char = E;code = 69
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result sql = Effect of roasting on the formation of chlorogenic acid lactones in coffee.
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char = r;code = 114
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char = p;code = 112
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char = a;code = 97
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char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
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char = r;code = 114
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char = f;code = 102
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char = f;code = 102
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result sql = Of all plant constituents, coffee has one of the highest concentrations of chlorogenic acids. When roasting coffee, some of these are transformed into chlorogenic acid lactones (CGL). We have studied the formation of CGL during the roasting of coffee beans in Coffea arabica cv. Bourbon; C. arabicacv. Longberry; and C. canephora cv. Robusta. Individual CGL levels were determined by comparison of HPLC peaks with those of synthetic CGL standards. SEVEN CGL WERE IDENTIFIED: 3-caffeoylquinic-1,5-lactone (3-CQL), 4- caffeoylquinic-1,5-lactone (4-CQL), 3-coumaroylquinic-1,5-lactone (3-pCoQL), 4-coumaroylquinic-1,5-lactone (4-pCoQL), 3-feruloylquinic-1,5-lactone (3-FQL), 4-feruloylquinic-1,5-lactone (4-FQL), and 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic-1,5-lactone (3,4-diCQL). 3-CQL was the most abundant lactone in C. arabica and C. canephora, reaching peak values of 230 +/- 9 and 254 +/- 4 mg/100 g (dry weight), respectively, at light medium roast ( approximately 14% weight loss). 4-CQL was the second most abundant lactone (116 +/- 3 and 139 +/- 2 mg/100 g, respectively. The maximum amount of CGL represents approximately 30% of the available precursors. The relative levels of 3-CQL and 4-CQL in roasted coffee were reverse to those of their precursors in green coffee. This suggests that roasting causes isomerization of chlorogenic acids prior to the formation of lactones and that the levels of lactones in roasted coffee do not reflect the levels of precursors in green coffee.
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char = f;code = 102
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
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char = f;code = 102
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char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
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char = l;code = 108
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char = c;code = 99
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result sql = Effect of roasting on the formation of chlorogenic acid lactones in coffee.
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char = s;code = 115
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char = C;code = 67
char = G;code = 71
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char = W;code = 87
char = e;code = 101
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char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
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char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = f;code = 102
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char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
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char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
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char = g;code = 103
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char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
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char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
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char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = C;code = 67
char = o;code = 111
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char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = v;code = 118
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
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char = .;code = 46
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char = o;code = 111
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char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = C;code = 67
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = v;code = 118
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = G;code = 71
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = P;code = 80
char = L;code = 76
char = C;code = 67
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char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = k;code = 107
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = y;code = 121
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = C;code = 67
char = G;code = 71
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = S;code = 83
char = E;code = 69
char = V;code = 86
char = E;code = 69
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = G;code = 71
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = E;code = 69
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = D;code = 68
char = E;code = 69
char = N;code = 78
char = T;code = 84
char = I;code = 73
char = F;code = 70
char = I;code = 73
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = y;code = 121
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char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = 1;code = 49
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char = 5;code = 53
char = -;code = 45
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char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
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char = (;code = 40
char = 3;code = 51
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char = C;code = 67
char = Q;code = 81
char = L;code = 76
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
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char = 4;code = 52
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char = c;code = 99
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char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
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char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
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char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
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char = C;code = 67
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = 3;code = 51
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char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
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char = o;code = 111
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char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = a;code = 97
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char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
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char = t;code = 116
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char = C;code = 67
char = o;code = 111
char = Q;code = 81
char = L;code = 76
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char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
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char = f;code = 102
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char = i;code = 105
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char = c;code = 99
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char = F;code = 70
char = Q;code = 81
char = L;code = 76
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = 4;code = 52
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char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
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char = Q;code = 81
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
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char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
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char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = 1;code = 49
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char = 5;code = 53
char = -;code = 45
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = 3;code = 51
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char = i;code = 105
char = C;code = 67
char = Q;code = 81
char = L;code = 76
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
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char = C;code = 67
char = Q;code = 81
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
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char = m;code = 109
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char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = C;code = 67
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char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
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char = .;code = 46
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char = 4;code = 52
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char = C;code = 67
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char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
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char = h;code = 104
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char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
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char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
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char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
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char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
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char = 9;code = 57
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char = +;code = 43
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char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
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char = m;code = 109
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char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
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char = g;code = 103
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char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
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char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
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result sql = Of all plant constituents, coffee has one of the highest concentrations of chlorogenic acids. When roasting coffee, some of these are transformed into chlorogenic acid lactones (CGL). We have studied the formation of CGL during the roasting of coffee beans in Coffea arabica cv. Bourbon; C. arabicacv. Longberry; and C. canephora cv. Robusta. Individual CGL levels were determined by comparison of HPLC peaks with those of synthetic CGL standards. SEVEN CGL WERE IDENTIFIED: 3-caffeoylquinic-1,5-lactone (3-CQL), 4- caffeoylquinic-1,5-lactone (4-CQL), 3-coumaroylquinic-1,5-lactone (3-pCoQL), 4-coumaroylquinic-1,5-lactone (4-pCoQL), 3-feruloylquinic-1,5-lactone (3-FQL), 4-feruloylquinic-1,5-lactone (4-FQL), and 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic-1,5-lactone (3,4-diCQL). 3-CQL was the most abundant lactone in C. arabica and C. canephora, reaching peak values of 230 +/- 9 and 254 +/- 4 mg/100 g (dry weight), respectively, at light medium roast ( approximately 14% weight loss). 4-CQL was the second most abundant lactone (116 +/- 3 and 139 +/- 2 mg/100 g, respectively. The maximum amount of CGL represents approximately 30% of the available precursors. The relative levels of 3-CQL and 4-CQL in roasted coffee were reverse to those of their precursors in green coffee. This suggests that roasting causes isomerization of chlorogenic acids prior to the formation of lactones and that the levels of lactones in roasted coffee do not reflect the levels of precursors in green coffee.
Publication: J. Agric. Food Chem. 2005 Mar 9 ;53(5)::1505-13.
Publication Date: 2005 Mar 9
Study Author(s): Farah, Adriana;de Paulis, Tomas;Trugo, Luiz C;Martin, Peter R;
Institution: Vanderbilt Institute for Coffee Studies, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2005 Mar 9
Study Author(s): Farah, Adriana;de Paulis, Tomas;Trugo, Luiz C;Martin, Peter R;
Institution: Vanderbilt Institute for Coffee Studies, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
Of all plant constituents, coffee has one of the highest concentrations of chlorogenic acids. When roasting coffee, some of these are transformed into chlorogenic acid lactones (CGL). We have studied the formation of CGL during the roasting of coffee beans in Coffea arabica cv. Bourbon; C. arabicacv. Longberry; and C. canephora cv. Robusta. Individual CGL levels were determined by comparison of HPLC peaks with those of synthetic CGL standards. SEVEN CGL WERE IDENTIFIED: 3-caffeoylquinic-1,5-lactone (3-CQL), 4- caffeoylquinic-1,5-lactone (4-CQL), 3-coumaroylquinic-1,5-lactone (3-pCoQL), 4-coumaroylquinic-1,5-lactone (4-pCoQL), 3-feruloylquinic-1,5-lactone (3-FQL), 4-feruloylquinic-1,5-lactone (4-FQL), and 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic-1,5-lactone (3,4-diCQL). 3-CQL was the most abundant lactone in C. arabica and C. canephora, reaching peak values of 230 +/- 9 and 254 +/- 4 mg/100 g (dry weight), respectively, at light medium roast ( approximately 14% weight loss). 4-CQL was the second most abundant lactone (116 +/- 3 and 139 +/- 2 mg/100 g, respectively. The maximum amount of CGL represents approximately 30% of the available precursors. The relative levels of 3-CQL and 4-CQL in roasted coffee were reverse to those of their precursors in green coffee. This suggests that roasting causes isomerization of chlorogenic acids prior to the formation of lactones and that the levels of lactones in roasted coffee do not reflect the levels of precursors in green coffee.
PMID: 15740032
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