|
|
char = A;code = 65
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = y;code = 121
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = 4;code = 52
char = 5;code = 53
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = y;code = 121
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Arachidonic acid induces neuronal death through lipoxygenase and cytochrome P450 rather than cyclooxygenase.
Arachidonic acid induces neuronal death through lipoxygenase and cytochrome P450 rather than cyclooxygenase.char = A;code = 65
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = A;code = 65
char = A;code = 65
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = y;code = 121
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = L;code = 76
char = O;code = 79
char = X;code = 88
char = );code = 41
char = -;code = 45
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = y;code = 121
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = C;code = 67
char = O;code = 79
char = X;code = 88
char = );code = 41
char = -;code = 45
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = 4;code = 52
char = 5;code = 53
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = C;code = 67
char = Y;code = 89
char = P;code = 80
char = 4;code = 52
char = 5;code = 53
char = 0;code = 48
char = );code = 41
char = -;code = 45
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = A;code = 65
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 5;code = 53
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = M;code = 77
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = y;code = 121
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = O;code = 79
char = X;code = 88
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = A;code = 65
char = 8;code = 56
char = 6;code = 54
char = 1;code = 49
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = Y;code = 89
char = P;code = 80
char = 4;code = 52
char = 5;code = 53
char = 0;code = 48
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = S;code = 83
char = K;code = 75
char = F;code = 70
char = 5;code = 53
char = 2;code = 50
char = 5;code = 53
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = O;code = 79
char = X;code = 88
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = S;code = 83
char = 3;code = 51
char = 9;code = 57
char = 8;code = 56
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = A;code = 65
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char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = M;code = 77
char = );code = 41
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
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char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = y;code = 121
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
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char = A;code = 65
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char = A;code = 65
char = A;code = 65
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char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
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result sql = Arachidonic acid (AA) is released from membrane phospholipids during normal and pathologic processes such as neurodegeneration. AA is metabolized via lipoxygenase (LOX)-, cyclooxygenase (COX)-, and cytochrome P450 (CYP450)-catalyzed pathways. We investigated the relative contributions of these pathways in AA-induced neuronal death. Exposure of cultured cortical neurons to AA (50 microM) yielded significantly apoptotic neuronal death, which was attenuated greatly by LOX inhibitors (nordihydroguaiaretic acid, AA861, and baicalein), or CYP450 inhibitors (SKF525A and metyrapone), rather than COX inhibitors (indomethacin and NS398). AA (10 microM)-induced neurotoxicity was prevented by all kinds of inhibitors. Compared, the neurotoxic effects of three pathway metabolites, 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), a major LOX metabolite, induced a significant neurotoxicity. AA also produced reactive oxygen species within 30 min, which was reduced by all inhibitors tested, including COX inhibitors, and AA neurotoxicity was abolished by the antioxidant Trolox. AA treatment also depleted glutathione levels; this depletion was reduced by the LOX or CYP450 inhibitors rather than by the COX inhibitors. Taken together, our data suggested that the LOX pathway likely plays a major role in AA-induced neuronal death with the modification of intracellular free radical levels.
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result sql = Arachidonic acid induces neuronal death through lipoxygenase and cytochrome P450 rather than cyclooxygenase.
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char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
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char = P;code = 80
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char = 5;code = 53
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char = C;code = 67
char = Y;code = 89
char = P;code = 80
char = 4;code = 52
char = 5;code = 53
char = 0;code = 48
char = );code = 41
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = z;code = 122
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char = d;code = 100
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char = p;code = 112
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char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
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char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = A;code = 65
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 5;code = 53
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = M;code = 77
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = y;code = 121
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = h;code = 104
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = O;code = 79
char = X;code = 88
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = A;code = 65
char = 8;code = 56
char = 6;code = 54
char = 1;code = 49
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = Y;code = 89
char = P;code = 80
char = 4;code = 52
char = 5;code = 53
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = S;code = 83
char = K;code = 75
char = F;code = 70
char = 5;code = 53
char = 2;code = 50
char = 5;code = 53
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = O;code = 79
char = X;code = 88
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
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char = (;code = 40
char = i;code = 105
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char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = S;code = 83
char = 3;code = 51
char = 9;code = 57
char = 8;code = 56
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
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char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = M;code = 77
char = );code = 41
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
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char = d;code = 100
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
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char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
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char = y;code = 121
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char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
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char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
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char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
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char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
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char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
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char = x;code = 120
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
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char = -;code = 45
char = H;code = 72
char = E;code = 69
char = T;code = 84
char = E;code = 69
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = j;code = 106
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = O;code = 79
char = X;code = 88
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
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char = g;code = 103
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char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
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char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
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char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
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char = u;code = 117
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = x;code = 120
char = y;code = 121
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char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
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char = 3;code = 51
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char = n;code = 110
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char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
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char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
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char = a;code = 97
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char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
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char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
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char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
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char = d;code = 100
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
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char = c;code = 99
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char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = O;code = 79
char = X;code = 88
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = A;code = 65
char = A;code = 65
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char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = A;code = 65
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
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char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
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char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
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result sql = Arachidonic acid (AA) is released from membrane phospholipids during normal and pathologic processes such as neurodegeneration. AA is metabolized via lipoxygenase (LOX)-, cyclooxygenase (COX)-, and cytochrome P450 (CYP450)-catalyzed pathways. We investigated the relative contributions of these pathways in AA-induced neuronal death. Exposure of cultured cortical neurons to AA (50 microM) yielded significantly apoptotic neuronal death, which was attenuated greatly by LOX inhibitors (nordihydroguaiaretic acid, AA861, and baicalein), or CYP450 inhibitors (SKF525A and metyrapone), rather than COX inhibitors (indomethacin and NS398). AA (10 microM)-induced neurotoxicity was prevented by all kinds of inhibitors. Compared, the neurotoxic effects of three pathway metabolites, 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), a major LOX metabolite, induced a significant neurotoxicity. AA also produced reactive oxygen species within 30 min, which was reduced by all inhibitors tested, including COX inhibitors, and AA neurotoxicity was abolished by the antioxidant Trolox. AA treatment also depleted glutathione levels; this depletion was reduced by the LOX or CYP450 inhibitors rather than by the COX inhibitors. Taken together, our data suggested that the LOX pathway likely plays a major role in AA-induced neuronal death with the modification of intracellular free radical levels.
Publication: J. Neurosci. Res. 2005 Jul 1 ;81(1)::73-84.
Publication Date: 2005 Jul 1
Study Author(s): Kwon, Kyoung Ja;Jung, Yi-Sook;Lee, Soo Hwan;Moon, Chang-Hyun;Baik, Eun Joo;
Institution: Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2005 Jul 1
Study Author(s): Kwon, Kyoung Ja;Jung, Yi-Sook;Lee, Soo Hwan;Moon, Chang-Hyun;Baik, Eun Joo;
Institution: Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
Shortcut link to this study:
Arachidonic acid (AA) is released from membrane phospholipids during normal and pathologic processes such as neurodegeneration. AA is metabolized via lipoxygenase (LOX)-, cyclooxygenase (COX)-, and cytochrome P450 (CYP450)-catalyzed pathways. We investigated the relative contributions of these pathways in AA-induced neuronal death. Exposure of cultured cortical neurons to AA (50 microM) yielded significantly apoptotic neuronal death, which was attenuated greatly by LOX inhibitors (nordihydroguaiaretic acid, AA861, and baicalein), or CYP450 inhibitors (SKF525A and metyrapone), rather than COX inhibitors (indomethacin and NS398). AA (10 microM)-induced neurotoxicity was prevented by all kinds of inhibitors. Compared, the neurotoxic effects of three pathway metabolites, 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), a major LOX metabolite, induced a significant neurotoxicity. AA also produced reactive oxygen species within 30 min, which was reduced by all inhibitors tested, including COX inhibitors, and AA neurotoxicity was abolished by the antioxidant Trolox. AA treatment also depleted glutathione levels; this depletion was reduced by the LOX or CYP450 inhibitors rather than by the COX inhibitors. Taken together, our data suggested that the LOX pathway likely plays a major role in AA-induced neuronal death with the modification of intracellular free radical levels.
PMID: 15931672
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