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result sql = Laboratory studies on secondary organic aerosol formation from terpenes.
Laboratory studies on secondary organic aerosol formation from terpenes.
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char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 4;code = 52
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = 8;code = 56
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 7;code = 55
char = 6;code = 54
char = 1;code = 49
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = 5;code = 53
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
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char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = a;code = 97
char = o;code = 111
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = K;code = 75
char = e;code = 101
char = y;code = 121
char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = g;code = 103
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = J;code = 74
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = V;code = 86
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = V;code = 86
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = k;code = 107
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = a;code = 97
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = J;code = 74
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = J;code = 74
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 4;code = 52
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = 8;code = 56
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
char = 4;code = 52
char = 7;code = 55
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = 6;code = 54
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = O;code = 79
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = 5;code = 53
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
char = a;code = 97
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = J;code = 74
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = J;code = 74
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = J;code = 74
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = K;code = 75
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = V;code = 86
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = J;code = 74
char = o;code = 111
char = h;code = 104
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = .;code = 46
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 4;code = 52
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = 8;code = 56
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 4;code = 52
char = 2;code = 50
char = 8;code = 56
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = a;code = 97
char = o;code = 111
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = g;code = 103
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = K;code = 75
char = e;code = 101
char = y;code = 121
char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = V;code = 86
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = V;code = 86
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = k;code = 107
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = a;code = 97
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = J;code = 74
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = K;code = 75
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = Y;code = 89
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = Y;code = 89
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = J;code = 74
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = J;code = 74
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = .;code = 46
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 4;code = 52
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = 8;code = 56
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 6;code = 54
char = 5;code = 53
char = 8;code = 56
char = 2;code = 50
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = 8;code = 56
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
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char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = c;code = 99
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char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
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char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = y;code = 121
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char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
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char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = O;code = 79
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
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char = m;code = 109
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char = o;code = 111
char = z;code = 122
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = z;code = 122
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
char = H;code = 72
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = O;code = 79
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = y;code = 121
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = f;code = 102
char = T;code = 84
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = z;code = 122
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
char = H;code = 72
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = O;code = 79
char = A;code = 65
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
char = H;code = 72
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = M;code = 77
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = K;code = 75
char = e;code = 101
char = y;code = 121
char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = J;code = 74
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = K;code = 75
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = V;code = 86
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = V;code = 86
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = k;code = 107
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = a;code = 97
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = J;code = 74
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = .;code = 46
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 4;code = 52
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = 8;code = 56
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = 3;code = 51
char = 4;code = 52
char = 3;code = 51
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = 9;code = 57
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = g;code = 103
char = .;code = 46
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = O;code = 79
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = y;code = 121
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
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char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
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char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
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char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
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char = r;code = 114
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char = x;code = 120
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
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char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = O;code = 79
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
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char = ;code = 32
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char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
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char = g;code = 103
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
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char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
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char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
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char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
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char = r;code = 114
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char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
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char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
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char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = d;code = 100
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char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
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char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = O;code = 79
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = y;code = 121
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = O;code = 79
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = y;code = 121
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
result sql = The formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) following the ozonolysis of terpene has been investigated intensively in recent years. The enhancement of SOA yields from the acid catalysed reactions of organics on aerosol surfaces or in the bulk particle phase has been receiving great attention. Recent studies show that the presence of acidic seed particles increases the SOA yield significantly (M. S. Jang and R. M. Kamens, Environ Sci: Technol., 2001, 35, 4758, ref. 1; M. S. Jang, N. M. Czoschke, S. Lee and R. M. Kamens, Science, 2002, 298, 814, ref. 2; N. M. Czoschke, M. Jang and R. M. Kamens, Atmos.

Environ: , 2003, 37, 4287, ref. 3; M. S. Jang, B. Carroll, B. Chandramouli and R. M. Kamens, Environ Sci: Technol., 2003, 37, 3828, ref. 4; Y. Iinuma, O. Böge, T. Gnauk and H. Herrmann, Atmos.

Environ: , 2004, 38, 761, ref. 5; S. Gao, M. Keywood, N. L. Ng, J. Surratt, V. Varutbangkul, R. Bahreini, R. C. Flagan and J. H. Seinfeld, J.

Phys: Chem. A, 2004, 108, 10147, ref. 6). More detailed studies report the formation of higher molecular weight products in SOA (refs. 5 and 6; M. P. Tolocka, M. Jang, J. M. Ginter, F. J. Cox, R. M. Kamens and M. V. Johnston, Environ Sci: Technol., 2004, 38, 1428, ref. 7; S. Gao, N. L. Ng, M. Keywood, V. Varutbangkul, R. Bahreini, A. Nenes, J. He, K. Y. Yoo, J. L. Beauchamp, R. P. Hodyss, R. C. Flagan and J. H. Seinfeld, Environ Sci: Technol., 2004, 38, 6582, ref. 8) which could result in a non-reversible uptake of organics into the particle phase. Most of the past studies concentrated on the characterisation of the yields of enhanced SOA and its composition from ozonolysis of terpenes in the presence or absence of acidic and neutral seed particles. Recent findings from cyclohexene ozonolysis show that the presence of OH scavengers can also significantly influence the SOA yield. Our new results from the IfT chemistry department aerosol chamber on terpene ozonolysis in the presence of OH scavengers show that the presence of hydroxyl radical scavengers clearly reduces the amount of formed SOA. The OH scavenger strongly depletes the formation of oligomeric compounds in the particle phase in contrast to previous findings (M. D. Keywood, J. H. Kroll, V. Varatbangkul, R. Bahreini, R. C. Flagan and J. H. Seinfeld, Environ Sci: Technol., 2004, 38, 3343, ref. 9). This result indicates that hydroxyl radicals play an important role in the formation of precursor compounds (e.g., hydroxy pinonaldehyde) for the particle phase heterogeneous acid catalysed reactions leading to the higher molecular weight compounds and thus the enhancement of SOA yields. Better understanding of the role of hydroxyl radicals in the formation of SOA is necessary to distinguish between the contribution of ozonolysis and hydroxyl radicals to the SOA yield. If the recent findings are a ubiquitous phenomenon in the atmosphere, current atmospheric and climate models might underestimate SOA formation yields, particle phase OC contents and its impact on the atmospheric radiation budget.

Publication: Faraday Discuss. 2005 ;130:279-94; discussion 363-86, 519-24.
Publication Date: 2005
Study Author(s): Iinuma, Yoshiteru;Böge, Olaf;Miao, Yunkun;Sierau, Berko;Gnauk, Thomas;Herrmann, Hartmut;
Institution: Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
Shortcut link to this study:
The formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) following the ozonolysis of terpene has been investigated intensively in recent years. The enhancement of SOA yields from the acid catalysed reactions of organics on aerosol surfaces or in the bulk particle phase has been receiving great attention. Recent studies show that the presence of acidic seed particles increases the SOA yield significantly (M. S. Jang and R. M. Kamens, Environ Sci: Technol., 2001, 35, 4758, ref. 1; M. S. Jang, N. M. Czoschke, S. Lee and R. M. Kamens, Science, 2002, 298, 814, ref. 2; N. M. Czoschke, M. Jang and R. M. Kamens, Atmos.

Environ: , 2003, 37, 4287, ref. 3; M. S. Jang, B. Carroll, B. Chandramouli and R. M. Kamens, Environ Sci: Technol., 2003, 37, 3828, ref. 4; Y. Iinuma, O. Böge, T. Gnauk and H. Herrmann, Atmos.

Environ: , 2004, 38, 761, ref. 5; S. Gao, M. Keywood, N. L. Ng, J. Surratt, V. Varutbangkul, R. Bahreini, R. C. Flagan and J. H. Seinfeld, J.

Phys: Chem. A, 2004, 108, 10147, ref. 6). More detailed studies report the formation of higher molecular weight products in SOA (refs. 5 and 6; M. P. Tolocka, M. Jang, J. M. Ginter, F. J. Cox, R. M. Kamens and M. V. Johnston, Environ Sci: Technol., 2004, 38, 1428, ref. 7; S. Gao, N. L. Ng, M. Keywood, V. Varutbangkul, R. Bahreini, A. Nenes, J. He, K. Y. Yoo, J. L. Beauchamp, R. P. Hodyss, R. C. Flagan and J. H. Seinfeld, Environ Sci: Technol., 2004, 38, 6582, ref. 8) which could result in a non-reversible uptake of organics into the particle phase. Most of the past studies concentrated on the characterisation of the yields of enhanced SOA and its composition from ozonolysis of terpenes in the presence or absence of acidic and neutral seed particles. Recent findings from cyclohexene ozonolysis show that the presence of OH scavengers can also significantly influence the SOA yield. Our new results from the IfT chemistry department aerosol chamber on terpene ozonolysis in the presence of OH scavengers show that the presence of hydroxyl radical scavengers clearly reduces the amount of formed SOA. The OH scavenger strongly depletes the formation of oligomeric compounds in the particle phase in contrast to previous findings (M. D. Keywood, J. H. Kroll, V. Varatbangkul, R. Bahreini, R. C. Flagan and J. H. Seinfeld, Environ Sci: Technol., 2004, 38, 3343, ref. 9). This result indicates that hydroxyl radicals play an important role in the formation of precursor compounds (e.g., hydroxy pinonaldehyde) for the particle phase heterogeneous acid catalysed reactions leading to the higher molecular weight compounds and thus the enhancement of SOA yields. Better understanding of the role of hydroxyl radicals in the formation of SOA is necessary to distinguish between the contribution of ozonolysis and hydroxyl radicals to the SOA yield. If the recent findings are a ubiquitous phenomenon in the atmosphere, current atmospheric and climate models might underestimate SOA formation yields, particle phase OC contents and its impact on the atmospheric radiation budget.
PMID: 16161789

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