char = E;code = 69 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = u;code = 117 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = k;code = 107 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = .;code = 46 result sql = Effect of ambient humidity on light transmittance through skin phantoms during cryogen spray cooling.
Effect of ambient humidity on light transmittance through skin phantoms during cryogen spray cooling.char = C;code = 67 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = C;code = 67 char = S;code = 83 char = C;code = 67 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = q;code = 113 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = y;code = 121 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = k;code = 107 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = H;code = 72 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = S;code = 83 char = C;code = 67 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = -;code = 45 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = b;code = 98 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = q;code = 113 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = /;code = 47 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = z;code = 122 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = k;code = 107 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = f;code = 102 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = b;code = 98 char = j;code = 106 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = k;code = 107 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = d;code = 100 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = u;code = 117 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = S;code = 83 char = C;code = 67 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = y;code = 121 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = y;code = 121 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = S;code = 83 char = C;code = 67 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = T;code = 84 char = H;code = 72 char = E;code = 69 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = T;code = 84 char = U;code = 85 char = D;code = 68 char = Y;code = 89 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = N;code = 78 char = C;code = 67 char = L;code = 76 char = U;code = 85 char = D;code = 68 char = E;code = 69 char = D;code = 68 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = W;code = 87 char = O;code = 79 char = ;code = 32 char = R;code = 82 char = E;code = 69 char = P;code = 80 char = R;code = 82 char = E;code = 69 char = S;code = 83 char = E;code = 69 char = N;code = 78 char = T;code = 84 char = A;code = 65 char = T;code = 84 char = I;code = 73 char = V;code = 86 char = E;code = 69 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = S;code = 83 char = C;code = 67 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = P;code = 80 char = U;code = 85 char = R;code = 82 char = T;code = 84 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = A;code = 65 char = T;code = 84 char = T;code = 84 char = E;code = 69 char = R;code = 82 char = N;code = 78 char = S;code = 83 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = T;code = 84 char = U;code = 85 char = D;code = 68 char = I;code = 73 char = E;code = 69 char = D;code = 68 char = ;code = 32 char = U;code = 85 char = S;code = 83 char = I;code = 73 char = N;code = 78 char = G;code = 71 char = ;code = 32 char = F;code = 70 char = O;code = 79 char = U;code = 85 char = R;code = 82 char = ;code = 32 char = O;code = 79 char = M;code = 77 char = E;code = 69 char = G;code = 71 char = A;code = 65 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = /;code = 47 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = ;code = 32 char = 5;code = 53 char = 7;code = 55 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = 4;code = 52 char = 0;code = 48 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = 2;code = 50 char = 0;code = 48 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = 1;code = 49 char = 2;code = 50 char = %;code = 37 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = R;code = 82 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = S;code = 83 char = C;code = 67 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = F;code = 70 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = u;code = 117 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = 5;code = 53 char = 7;code = 55 char = %;code = 37 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = u;code = 117 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = 5;code = 53 char = 5;code = 53 char = %;code = 37 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = x;code = 120 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = 3;code = 51 char = 0;code = 48 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = f;code = 102 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = =;code = 61 char = ;code = 32 char = 1;code = 49 char = 2;code = 50 char = %;code = 37 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = u;code = 117 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = 8;code = 56 char = 7;code = 55 char = %;code = 37 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = x;code = 120 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = 3;code = 51 char = 0;code = 48 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = f;code = 102 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = f;code = 102 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = k;code = 107 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = k;code = 107 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = .;code = 46 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 result sql = Cryogen spray cooling (CSC) is a technique employed to reduce the risk of epidermal damage during dermatologic laser surgery. However, while CSC protects the epidermis from non-specific thermal damage, it might reduce the effective fluence reaching the target chromophore due to scattering of light by the spray droplets and subsequent water condensation/freezing on the skin surface. The objective of this work was to study the effect of ambient humidity (omega) on light transmittance during CSC. An integrating sphere was employed to measure the dynamics of light transmittance through a deformable agar phantom during CSC. THE STUDY INCLUDED TWO REPRESENTATIVE CSC SPURT PATTERNS STUDIED USING FOUR OMEGA: 57, 40, 20 and 12%. Results show that during CSC, as omega increased, light transmittance decreased. For the highest humidity level (57%) studied, light transmittance reached a minimum of 55% approximately 30 ms after spurt termination. In a controlled environment with omega = 12%, light transmittance reached a minimum of 87% approximately 30 ms after spurt termination. The reduced light transmittance immediately after spurt termination was most likely because of scattering of light caused by condensation of water vapour due to aggressive cooling of ambient air in the wake of the cryogen spurt.
Publication: Phys Med Biol 2006 Jan 7 ;51(1)::113-20.
Publication Date: 2006 Jan 7
Study Author(s): Ramirez-San-Juan, Julio C;Choi, Bernard;Franco, Walfre;Nelson, J Stuart;Aguilar, Guillermo;
Institution: Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, CA 92612, USA.
Shortcut link to this study:
Cryogen spray cooling (CSC) is a technique employed to reduce the risk of epidermal damage during dermatologic laser surgery. However, while CSC protects the epidermis from non-specific thermal damage, it might reduce the effective fluence reaching the target chromophore due to scattering of light by the spray droplets and subsequent water condensation/freezing on the skin surface. The objective of this work was to study the effect of ambient humidity (omega) on light transmittance during CSC. An integrating sphere was employed to measure the dynamics of light transmittance through a deformable agar phantom during CSC. THE STUDY INCLUDED TWO REPRESENTATIVE CSC SPURT PATTERNS STUDIED USING FOUR OMEGA: 57, 40, 20 and 12%. Results show that during CSC, as omega increased, light transmittance decreased. For the highest humidity level (57%) studied, light transmittance reached a minimum of 55% approximately 30 ms after spurt termination. In a controlled environment with omega = 12%, light transmittance reached a minimum of 87% approximately 30 ms after spurt termination. The reduced light transmittance immediately after spurt termination was most likely because of scattering of light caused by condensation of water vapour due to aggressive cooling of ambient air in the wake of the cryogen spurt.
PMID: 16357434