|
|
char = M;code = 77
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = x;code = 120
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = 9;code = 57
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Matrix metalloproteinase-9 contributes to brain extravasation and edema in fulminant hepatic failure mice.
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 contributes to brain extravasation and edema in fulminant hepatic failure mice.char = <;code = 60
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char = >;code = 62
char = B;code = 66
char = A;code = 65
char = C;code = 67
char = K;code = 75
char = G;code = 71
char = R;code = 82
char = O;code = 79
char = U;code = 85
char = N;code = 78
char = D;code = 68
char = /;code = 47
char = A;code = 65
char = I;code = 73
char = M;code = 77
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = F;code = 70
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = F;code = 70
char = H;code = 72
char = F;code = 70
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
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char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = H;code = 72
char = F;code = 70
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = x;code = 120
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = M;code = 77
char = M;code = 77
char = P;code = 80
char = );code = 41
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char = 9;code = 57
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char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = i;code = 105
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char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = j;code = 106
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = M;code = 77
char = P;code = 80
char = -;code = 45
char = 9;code = 57
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = H;code = 72
char = F;code = 70
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = M;code = 77
char = E;code = 69
char = T;code = 84
char = H;code = 72
char = O;code = 79
char = D;code = 68
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = M;code = 77
char = M;code = 77
char = P;code = 80
char = -;code = 45
char = 9;code = 57
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = D;code = 68
char = S;code = 83
char = -;code = 45
char = P;code = 80
char = A;code = 65
char = G;code = 71
char = E;code = 69
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = z;code = 122
char = y;code = 121
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = m;code = 109
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
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char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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char = f;code = 102
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char = c;code = 99
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char = g;code = 103
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
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char = f;code = 102
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char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
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char = c;code = 99
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char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
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char = u;code = 117
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char = d;code = 100
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char = e;code = 101
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char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
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char = M;code = 77
char = M;code = 77
char = P;code = 80
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = M;code = 77
char = 6;code = 54
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char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
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char = d;code = 100
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char = M;code = 77
char = M;code = 77
char = P;code = 80
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char = 9;code = 57
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char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
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char = b;code = 98
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char = d;code = 100
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char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = d;code = 100
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char = <;code = 60
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char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
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char = <;code = 60
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char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
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char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
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char = >;code = 62
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char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = M;code = 77
char = M;code = 77
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char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
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char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = l;code = 108
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
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char = d;code = 100
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char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
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result sql = BACKGROUND/AIMS : Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) can be dreadful. When coma sets in, brain edema develops taking FHF into a lethal course. Mechanisms of brain extravasation leading to brain edema remain incompletely understood. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 is implicated in various brain injuries. We hypothesized that MMP-9 contributes to brain edema in FHF.
METHODS : MMP-9 and its proform were assayed using SDS-PAGE and in situ gelatin zymographies. Brain extravasation was assessed with Evans blue. Brain water was determined by specific gravity and astrocytic endfoot swelling by electron microscopy. FHF in mice was induced by azoxymethane. MMP inhibitor GM6001 and MMP-9 monoclonal antibody were used.
RESULTS : Active MMP-9 was significantly increased at the onset of coma and brain extravasation in FHF mice. Blocking MMP-9 with either GM6001 or MMP-9 monoclonal antibody significantly attenuated brain extravasation, astrocytic endfoot swelling, and brain edema. Brains of FHF mice did not show MMP-9 activity. In contrast, livers of these animals showed marked up-regulation of MMP-9 activity.
CONCLUSIONS : Our findings suggest that MMP-9 contributes to the pathogenesis of brain extravasation and edema in FHF. The necrotic liver is the source of MMP-9 in FHF. Inhibition of MMP-9 may protect against the development of brain edema in FHF.
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result sql = Matrix metalloproteinase-9 contributes to brain extravasation and edema in fulminant hepatic failure mice.
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char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = x;code = 120
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = M;code = 77
char = M;code = 77
char = P;code = 80
char = );code = 41
char = -;code = 45
char = 9;code = 57
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char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = j;code = 106
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = M;code = 77
char = P;code = 80
char = -;code = 45
char = 9;code = 57
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = H;code = 72
char = F;code = 70
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = M;code = 77
char = E;code = 69
char = T;code = 84
char = H;code = 72
char = O;code = 79
char = D;code = 68
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = M;code = 77
char = M;code = 77
char = P;code = 80
char = -;code = 45
char = 9;code = 57
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = D;code = 68
char = S;code = 83
char = -;code = 45
char = P;code = 80
char = A;code = 65
char = G;code = 71
char = E;code = 69
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = z;code = 122
char = y;code = 121
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
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char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
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char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
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char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = H;code = 72
char = F;code = 70
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
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char = a;code = 97
char = z;code = 122
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = y;code = 121
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = M;code = 77
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
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char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = G;code = 71
char = M;code = 77
char = 6;code = 54
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = M;code = 77
char = M;code = 77
char = P;code = 80
char = -;code = 45
char = 9;code = 57
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char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
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char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = A;code = 65
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = M;code = 77
char = P;code = 80
char = -;code = 45
char = 9;code = 57
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char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = i;code = 105
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char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
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char = a;code = 97
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char = n;code = 110
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char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
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char = F;code = 70
char = H;code = 72
char = F;code = 70
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
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char = B;code = 66
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
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char = n;code = 110
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char = M;code = 77
char = M;code = 77
char = P;code = 80
char = -;code = 45
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char = w;code = 119
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char = i;code = 105
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char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = G;code = 71
char = M;code = 77
char = 6;code = 54
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
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char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = M;code = 77
char = M;code = 77
char = P;code = 80
char = -;code = 45
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char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
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char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
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char = x;code = 120
char = t;code = 116
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char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
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char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
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char = e;code = 101
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char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
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char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
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char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = H;code = 72
char = F;code = 70
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
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char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = M;code = 77
char = P;code = 80
char = -;code = 45
char = 9;code = 57
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char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
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char = ;code = 32
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
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result sql = BACKGROUND/AIMS : Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) can be dreadful. When coma sets in, brain edema develops taking FHF into a lethal course. Mechanisms of brain extravasation leading to brain edema remain incompletely understood. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 is implicated in various brain injuries. We hypothesized that MMP-9 contributes to brain edema in FHF.
METHODS : MMP-9 and its proform were assayed using SDS-PAGE and in situ gelatin zymographies. Brain extravasation was assessed with Evans blue. Brain water was determined by specific gravity and astrocytic endfoot swelling by electron microscopy. FHF in mice was induced by azoxymethane. MMP inhibitor GM6001 and MMP-9 monoclonal antibody were used.
RESULTS : Active MMP-9 was significantly increased at the onset of coma and brain extravasation in FHF mice. Blocking MMP-9 with either GM6001 or MMP-9 monoclonal antibody significantly attenuated brain extravasation, astrocytic endfoot swelling, and brain edema. Brains of FHF mice did not show MMP-9 activity. In contrast, livers of these animals showed marked up-regulation of MMP-9 activity.
CONCLUSIONS : Our findings suggest that MMP-9 contributes to the pathogenesis of brain extravasation and edema in FHF. The necrotic liver is the source of MMP-9 in FHF. Inhibition of MMP-9 may protect against the development of brain edema in FHF.
Publication: J. Hepatol. 2006 Jun ;44(6)::1105-14.
Publication Date: 2006 Jun
Study Author(s): Nguyen, Justin H;Yamamoto, Satoshi;Steers, Jeffery;Sevlever, Daniel;Lin, Wenlang;Shimojima, Naoki;Castanedes-Casey, Monica;Genco, Petrina;Golde, Todd;Richelson, Elliott;Dickson, Dennis;McKinney, Michael;Eckman, Christopher B;
Institution: Department of Transplantation, Division of Transplant Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 4205 Belfort Road, Suite 1100, Jacksonville, FL 32216, USA. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2006 Jun
Study Author(s): Nguyen, Justin H;Yamamoto, Satoshi;Steers, Jeffery;Sevlever, Daniel;Lin, Wenlang;Shimojima, Naoki;Castanedes-Casey, Monica;Genco, Petrina;Golde, Todd;Richelson, Elliott;Dickson, Dennis;McKinney, Michael;Eckman, Christopher B;
Institution: Department of Transplantation, Division of Transplant Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 4205 Belfort Road, Suite 1100, Jacksonville, FL 32216, USA. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
BACKGROUND/AIMS : Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) can be dreadful. When coma sets in, brain edema develops taking FHF into a lethal course. Mechanisms of brain extravasation leading to brain edema remain incompletely understood. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 is implicated in various brain injuries. We hypothesized that MMP-9 contributes to brain edema in FHF.
METHODS : MMP-9 and its proform were assayed using SDS-PAGE and in situ gelatin zymographies. Brain extravasation was assessed with Evans blue. Brain water was determined by specific gravity and astrocytic endfoot swelling by electron microscopy. FHF in mice was induced by azoxymethane. MMP inhibitor GM6001 and MMP-9 monoclonal antibody were used.
RESULTS : Active MMP-9 was significantly increased at the onset of coma and brain extravasation in FHF mice. Blocking MMP-9 with either GM6001 or MMP-9 monoclonal antibody significantly attenuated brain extravasation, astrocytic endfoot swelling, and brain edema. Brains of FHF mice did not show MMP-9 activity. In contrast, livers of these animals showed marked up-regulation of MMP-9 activity.
CONCLUSIONS : Our findings suggest that MMP-9 contributes to the pathogenesis of brain extravasation and edema in FHF. The necrotic liver is the source of MMP-9 in FHF. Inhibition of MMP-9 may protect against the development of brain edema in FHF.
METHODS : MMP-9 and its proform were assayed using SDS-PAGE and in situ gelatin zymographies. Brain extravasation was assessed with Evans blue. Brain water was determined by specific gravity and astrocytic endfoot swelling by electron microscopy. FHF in mice was induced by azoxymethane. MMP inhibitor GM6001 and MMP-9 monoclonal antibody were used.
RESULTS : Active MMP-9 was significantly increased at the onset of coma and brain extravasation in FHF mice. Blocking MMP-9 with either GM6001 or MMP-9 monoclonal antibody significantly attenuated brain extravasation, astrocytic endfoot swelling, and brain edema. Brains of FHF mice did not show MMP-9 activity. In contrast, livers of these animals showed marked up-regulation of MMP-9 activity.
CONCLUSIONS : Our findings suggest that MMP-9 contributes to the pathogenesis of brain extravasation and edema in FHF. The necrotic liver is the source of MMP-9 in FHF. Inhibition of MMP-9 may protect against the development of brain edema in FHF.
PMID: 16458990
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