|
|
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result sql = Effect of whitening dentifrices on the superficial roughness of esthetic restorative materials.
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char = ;code = 32
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char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
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char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
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char = b;code = 98
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char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = E;code = 69
char = X;code = 88
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char = <;code = 60
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char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
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char = >;code = 62
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
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char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
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char = T;code = 84
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char = E;code = 69
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char = C;code = 67
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char = C;code = 67
char = L;code = 76
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
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char = O;code = 79
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char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
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char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
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result sql = PURPOSE : The purpose of this study was to investigate the surface roughness (Ra) of different esthetic restorative materials following simulated toothbrushing using different whitening dentifrices.
MATERIALS AND METHODS : Cylinders of Esthet-X (Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE, USA), Durafil VS (Heraeus Kulzer, Wehrheim, Germany), and Vitremer (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) were made using molds (4 mm in diameter for 2 mm in height). The superficial roughness was evaluated using a profilometer (Ra) with a cutoff length of 0.25 mm and a speed of 0.1 mm/s. The specimens (N=13) were submitted to 7,500 brushing cycles using five different toothpastes: (1) Crest Regular (control; Procter & Gamble): silica abrasive (C); (2) Crest Extra Whitening (Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, OH, USA): bicarbonate+calcium pyrophosphate (CE); (3) Dental Care A & H (Arm & Hammer, Camilla, GA, USA): bicarbonate (DC); (4) Rembrandt Plus Whitening (Oral B Laboratories, Belmont, CA, USA): carbamide peroxide+alumina/silica (RP); and (5) experimental: hydrogen peroxide+calcium carbonate (EX).
RESULTS : The data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Tukey's test (alpha=.05) for each restorative material, and the results [difference between final and initial roughness: Ra(F)-Ra(I) in microm] were as follows: Esthet-X: EX=0.15+0.07a; RP=0.29+0.16a; CE=0.96+0.33b; C=1.03+0.29b; DC=1.48+0.37b; Durafil VS: RP=0.09+0.07a; EX=0.55+0.23abc; C=0.96+0.26bc; CE=1.03+0.33cd; DC=1.09+0.37d; and Vitremer: EX=0.10+0.08a; RP=0.26+0.19a; CE=0.94+0.27b; DC=1.13+0.46bc; C=1.50+0.32c (different letters mean differences among groups).
CONCLUSION : It was verified that the dentifrices containing carbamide or hydrogen peroxide along with alumina+silica and calcium carbonate, respectively (groups 4 and 5), produced minor changes in Ra when compared with the control group and with those dentifrices containing bicarbonate (groups 2 and 3). CLINICAL significance The results of this study indicate that whitening dentifrices evaluated containing silica or calcium carbonate were less abrasive when used on the resin-based esthetic restorative materials than those that contain sodium bicarbonate.
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result sql = Effect of whitening dentifrices on the superficial roughness of esthetic restorative materials.
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char = k;code = 107
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char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
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char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = E;code = 69
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
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char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = V;code = 86
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = H;code = 72
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = K;code = 75
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = e;code = 101
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = y;code = 121
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = V;code = 86
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 3;code = 51
char = M;code = 77
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = P;code = 80
char = E;code = 69
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = t;code = 116
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = a;code = 97
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = N;code = 78
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 4;code = 52
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = t;code = 116
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = R;code = 82
char = a;code = 97
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 2;code = 50
char = 5;code = 53
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = /;code = 47
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = N;code = 78
char = =;code = 61
char = 1;code = 49
char = 3;code = 51
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = 7;code = 55
char = ,;code = 44
char = 5;code = 53
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = c;code = 99
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char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
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char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = &;code = 38
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
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char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = C;code = 67
char = );code = 41
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = x;code = 120
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = &;code = 38
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
char = H;code = 72
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = );code = 41
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = +;code = 43
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
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char = p;code = 112
char = y;code = 121
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
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char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = C;code = 67
char = E;code = 69
char = );code = 41
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 3;code = 51
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = &;code = 38
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = A;code = 65
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = &;code = 38
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = A;code = 65
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = );code = 41
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = D;code = 68
char = C;code = 67
char = );code = 41
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 4;code = 52
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
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char = W;code = 87
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = O;code = 79
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = B;code = 66
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = a;code = 97
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char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
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char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = A;code = 65
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
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char = :;code = 58
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
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char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
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char = u;code = 117
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char = a;code = 97
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char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = (;code = 40
char = R;code = 82
char = P;code = 80
char = );code = 41
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
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char = r;code = 114
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = h;code = 104
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char = u;code = 117
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char = b;code = 98
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char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = (;code = 40
char = E;code = 69
char = X;code = 88
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
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char = r;code = 114
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char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
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char = >;code = 62
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = b;code = 98
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = u;code = 117
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = y;code = 121
char = ';code = 39
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 5;code = 53
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
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char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = [;code = 91
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = a;code = 97
char = (;code = 40
char = F;code = 70
char = );code = 41
char = -;code = 45
char = R;code = 82
char = a;code = 97
char = (;code = 40
char = I;code = 73
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ];code = 93
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = s;code = 115
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = -;code = 45
char = X;code = 88
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = X;code = 88
char = =;code = 61
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = 5;code = 53
char = +;code = 43
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 7;code = 55
char = a;code = 97
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = P;code = 80
char = =;code = 61
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 2;code = 50
char = 9;code = 57
char = +;code = 43
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
char = a;code = 97
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = E;code = 69
char = =;code = 61
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 9;code = 57
char = 6;code = 54
char = +;code = 43
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 3;code = 51
char = 3;code = 51
char = b;code = 98
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = =;code = 61
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 3;code = 51
char = +;code = 43
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 2;code = 50
char = 9;code = 57
char = b;code = 98
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = C;code = 67
char = =;code = 61
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 4;code = 52
char = 8;code = 56
char = +;code = 43
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 3;code = 51
char = 7;code = 55
char = b;code = 98
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = V;code = 86
char = S;code = 83
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = P;code = 80
char = =;code = 61
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 9;code = 57
char = +;code = 43
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 7;code = 55
char = a;code = 97
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = X;code = 88
char = =;code = 61
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = 5;code = 53
char = +;code = 43
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 2;code = 50
char = 3;code = 51
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = c;code = 99
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = =;code = 61
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 9;code = 57
char = 6;code = 54
char = +;code = 43
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 2;code = 50
char = 6;code = 54
char = b;code = 98
char = c;code = 99
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = E;code = 69
char = =;code = 61
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 3;code = 51
char = +;code = 43
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 3;code = 51
char = 3;code = 51
char = c;code = 99
char = d;code = 100
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = C;code = 67
char = =;code = 61
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 9;code = 57
char = +;code = 43
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 3;code = 51
char = 7;code = 55
char = d;code = 100
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = V;code = 86
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = X;code = 88
char = =;code = 61
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = +;code = 43
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 8;code = 56
char = a;code = 97
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = P;code = 80
char = =;code = 61
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 2;code = 50
char = 6;code = 54
char = +;code = 43
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = 9;code = 57
char = a;code = 97
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = E;code = 69
char = =;code = 61
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 9;code = 57
char = 4;code = 52
char = +;code = 43
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 2;code = 50
char = 7;code = 55
char = b;code = 98
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = C;code = 67
char = =;code = 61
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = 3;code = 51
char = +;code = 43
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 4;code = 52
char = 6;code = 54
char = b;code = 98
char = c;code = 99
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = =;code = 61
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = 0;code = 48
char = +;code = 43
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 3;code = 51
char = 2;code = 50
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
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char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
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char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
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char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = s;code = 115
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = C;code = 67
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = C;code = 67
char = L;code = 76
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
char = I;code = 73
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = I;code = 73
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = +;code = 43
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = 4;code = 52
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 5;code = 53
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
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char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
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char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = L;code = 76
char = I;code = 73
char = N;code = 78
char = I;code = 73
char = C;code = 67
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
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char = i;code = 105
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char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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result sql = PURPOSE : The purpose of this study was to investigate the surface roughness (Ra) of different esthetic restorative materials following simulated toothbrushing using different whitening dentifrices.
MATERIALS AND METHODS : Cylinders of Esthet-X (Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE, USA), Durafil VS (Heraeus Kulzer, Wehrheim, Germany), and Vitremer (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) were made using molds (4 mm in diameter for 2 mm in height). The superficial roughness was evaluated using a profilometer (Ra) with a cutoff length of 0.25 mm and a speed of 0.1 mm/s. The specimens (N=13) were submitted to 7,500 brushing cycles using five different toothpastes: (1) Crest Regular (control; Procter & Gamble): silica abrasive (C); (2) Crest Extra Whitening (Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, OH, USA): bicarbonate+calcium pyrophosphate (CE); (3) Dental Care A & H (Arm & Hammer, Camilla, GA, USA): bicarbonate (DC); (4) Rembrandt Plus Whitening (Oral B Laboratories, Belmont, CA, USA): carbamide peroxide+alumina/silica (RP); and (5) experimental: hydrogen peroxide+calcium carbonate (EX).
RESULTS : The data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Tukey's test (alpha=.05) for each restorative material, and the results [difference between final and initial roughness: Ra(F)-Ra(I) in microm] were as follows: Esthet-X: EX=0.15+0.07a; RP=0.29+0.16a; CE=0.96+0.33b; C=1.03+0.29b; DC=1.48+0.37b; Durafil VS: RP=0.09+0.07a; EX=0.55+0.23abc; C=0.96+0.26bc; CE=1.03+0.33cd; DC=1.09+0.37d; and Vitremer: EX=0.10+0.08a; RP=0.26+0.19a; CE=0.94+0.27b; DC=1.13+0.46bc; C=1.50+0.32c (different letters mean differences among groups).
CONCLUSION : It was verified that the dentifrices containing carbamide or hydrogen peroxide along with alumina+silica and calcium carbonate, respectively (groups 4 and 5), produced minor changes in Ra when compared with the control group and with those dentifrices containing bicarbonate (groups 2 and 3). CLINICAL significance The results of this study indicate that whitening dentifrices evaluated containing silica or calcium carbonate were less abrasive when used on the resin-based esthetic restorative materials than those that contain sodium bicarbonate.
Publication: J Esthet Restor Dent 2006 ;18(2)::102-8; discussion 109.
Publication Date: 2006
Study Author(s): Amaral, Cristiane Mariote;Rodrigues, Jose Augusto;Erhardt, Maria Carolina Guilherme;Araujo, Marcelo Werneck Barata;Marchi, Giselle Maria;Heymann, Harald O;Pimenta, Luiz Andre Freire;
Institution: Dental Research and Graduate Studies Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Guarulhos University, Brazil.
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2006
Study Author(s): Amaral, Cristiane Mariote;Rodrigues, Jose Augusto;Erhardt, Maria Carolina Guilherme;Araujo, Marcelo Werneck Barata;Marchi, Giselle Maria;Heymann, Harald O;Pimenta, Luiz Andre Freire;
Institution: Dental Research and Graduate Studies Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Guarulhos University, Brazil.
Shortcut link to this study:
PURPOSE : The purpose of this study was to investigate the surface roughness (Ra) of different esthetic restorative materials following simulated toothbrushing using different whitening dentifrices.
MATERIALS AND METHODS : Cylinders of Esthet-X (Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE, USA), Durafil VS (Heraeus Kulzer, Wehrheim, Germany), and Vitremer (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) were made using molds (4 mm in diameter for 2 mm in height). The superficial roughness was evaluated using a profilometer (Ra) with a cutoff length of 0.25 mm and a speed of 0.1 mm/s. The specimens (N=13) were submitted to 7,500 brushing cycles using five different toothpastes: (1) Crest Regular (control; Procter & Gamble): silica abrasive (C); (2) Crest Extra Whitening (Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, OH, USA): bicarbonate+calcium pyrophosphate (CE); (3) Dental Care A & H (Arm & Hammer, Camilla, GA, USA): bicarbonate (DC); (4) Rembrandt Plus Whitening (Oral B Laboratories, Belmont, CA, USA): carbamide peroxide+alumina/silica (RP); and (5) experimental: hydrogen peroxide+calcium carbonate (EX).
RESULTS : The data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Tukey's test (alpha=.05) for each restorative material, and the results [difference between final and initial roughness: Ra(F)-Ra(I) in microm] were as follows: Esthet-X: EX=0.15+0.07a; RP=0.29+0.16a; CE=0.96+0.33b; C=1.03+0.29b; DC=1.48+0.37b; Durafil VS: RP=0.09+0.07a; EX=0.55+0.23abc; C=0.96+0.26bc; CE=1.03+0.33cd; DC=1.09+0.37d; and Vitremer: EX=0.10+0.08a; RP=0.26+0.19a; CE=0.94+0.27b; DC=1.13+0.46bc; C=1.50+0.32c (different letters mean differences among groups).
CONCLUSION : It was verified that the dentifrices containing carbamide or hydrogen peroxide along with alumina+silica and calcium carbonate, respectively (groups 4 and 5), produced minor changes in Ra when compared with the control group and with those dentifrices containing bicarbonate (groups 2 and 3). CLINICAL significance The results of this study indicate that whitening dentifrices evaluated containing silica or calcium carbonate were less abrasive when used on the resin-based esthetic restorative materials than those that contain sodium bicarbonate.
MATERIALS AND METHODS : Cylinders of Esthet-X (Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE, USA), Durafil VS (Heraeus Kulzer, Wehrheim, Germany), and Vitremer (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) were made using molds (4 mm in diameter for 2 mm in height). The superficial roughness was evaluated using a profilometer (Ra) with a cutoff length of 0.25 mm and a speed of 0.1 mm/s. The specimens (N=13) were submitted to 7,500 brushing cycles using five different toothpastes: (1) Crest Regular (control; Procter & Gamble): silica abrasive (C); (2) Crest Extra Whitening (Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, OH, USA): bicarbonate+calcium pyrophosphate (CE); (3) Dental Care A & H (Arm & Hammer, Camilla, GA, USA): bicarbonate (DC); (4) Rembrandt Plus Whitening (Oral B Laboratories, Belmont, CA, USA): carbamide peroxide+alumina/silica (RP); and (5) experimental: hydrogen peroxide+calcium carbonate (EX).
RESULTS : The data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Tukey's test (alpha=.05) for each restorative material, and the results [difference between final and initial roughness: Ra(F)-Ra(I) in microm] were as follows: Esthet-X: EX=0.15+0.07a; RP=0.29+0.16a; CE=0.96+0.33b; C=1.03+0.29b; DC=1.48+0.37b; Durafil VS: RP=0.09+0.07a; EX=0.55+0.23abc; C=0.96+0.26bc; CE=1.03+0.33cd; DC=1.09+0.37d; and Vitremer: EX=0.10+0.08a; RP=0.26+0.19a; CE=0.94+0.27b; DC=1.13+0.46bc; C=1.50+0.32c (different letters mean differences among groups).
CONCLUSION : It was verified that the dentifrices containing carbamide or hydrogen peroxide along with alumina+silica and calcium carbonate, respectively (groups 4 and 5), produced minor changes in Ra when compared with the control group and with those dentifrices containing bicarbonate (groups 2 and 3). CLINICAL significance The results of this study indicate that whitening dentifrices evaluated containing silica or calcium carbonate were less abrasive when used on the resin-based esthetic restorative materials than those that contain sodium bicarbonate.
PMID: 16519874
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