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char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
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char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
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char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = s;code = 115
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
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char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
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char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ';code = 39
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = s;code = 115
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
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char = n;code = 110
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char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
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char = r;code = 114
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char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
result sql = Abuse of volatile organic solvents among youth remains a major social problem in Japan. Organic solvents are cheap and relatively easy to obtain, so they carry the risk of becoming a so-called "gate-way drug" for users. Psychological dependence assessment systems have been established for drug inhalation using the conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure. We found toluene produced the rewarding effect in this new CPP system. The mesolimbic dopamine pathway, which includes dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the midbrain and their targets in the limbic forebrain, especially the nucleus accumbens (NAC), is one of the most important substrates for the development of psychological dependence on drugs such as stimulants, cocaine, and heroin. Recently, it has indicated that the VTA-NAC pathway (monoamine system) may play an important role of the expression of psychological dependence on the volatile organic solvent toluene. Clarification of organic solvent's mechanism for the development of psychological dependence focusing on the monoamine system can be exploited for the new medicine and useful treatments for dependence on toluene.
char = R;code = 82
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
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char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ];code = 93
char = .;code = 46
result sql = [Role of the monoamine system in the brain on the development of psychological dependence on toluene].
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char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
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char = f;code = 102
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char = m;code = 109
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char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
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char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
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char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
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char = c;code = 99
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char = r;code = 114
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char = ;code = 32
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char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
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char = k;code = 107
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char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = l;code = 108
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
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char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
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char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = .;code = 46
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
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char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
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char = ;code = 32
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char = s;code = 115
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char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = h;code = 104
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
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char = n;code = 110
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char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
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char = .;code = 46
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char = W;code = 87
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
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char = c;code = 99
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char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
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char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
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char = p;code = 112
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char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
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char = R;code = 82
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char = c;code = 99
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char = ;code = 32
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char = h;code = 104
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
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char = s;code = 115
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char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
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char = l;code = 108
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
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char = p;code = 112
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
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char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
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char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = v;code = 118
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char = n;code = 110
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char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
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char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
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char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
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char = y;code = 121
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char = o;code = 111
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
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char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
result sql = Abuse of volatile organic solvents among youth remains a major social problem in Japan. Organic solvents are cheap and relatively easy to obtain, so they carry the risk of becoming a so-called "gate-way drug" for users. Psychological dependence assessment systems have been established for drug inhalation using the conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure. We found toluene produced the rewarding effect in this new CPP system. The mesolimbic dopamine pathway, which includes dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the midbrain and their targets in the limbic forebrain, especially the nucleus accumbens (NAC), is one of the most important substrates for the development of psychological dependence on drugs such as stimulants, cocaine, and heroin. Recently, it has indicated that the VTA-NAC pathway (monoamine system) may play an important role of the expression of psychological dependence on the volatile organic solvent toluene. Clarification of organic solvent's mechanism for the development of psychological dependence focusing on the monoamine system can be exploited for the new medicine and useful treatments for dependence on toluene.
Publication: Nihon Arukoru Yakubutsu Igakkai Zasshi 2006 Feb ;41(1)::31-8.
Publication Date: 2006 Feb
Study Author(s): Funada, Masahiko;Sato, Mio;Aoo, Naoya;Wada, Kiyoshi;
Institution: Department of Drug Dependence Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan.
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2006 Feb
Study Author(s): Funada, Masahiko;Sato, Mio;Aoo, Naoya;Wada, Kiyoshi;
Institution: Department of Drug Dependence Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan.
Shortcut link to this study:
Abuse of volatile organic solvents among youth remains a major social problem in Japan. Organic solvents are cheap and relatively easy to obtain, so they carry the risk of becoming a so-called "gate-way drug" for users. Psychological dependence assessment systems have been established for drug inhalation using the conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure. We found toluene produced the rewarding effect in this new CPP system. The mesolimbic dopamine pathway, which includes dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the midbrain and their targets in the limbic forebrain, especially the nucleus accumbens (NAC), is one of the most important substrates for the development of psychological dependence on drugs such as stimulants, cocaine, and heroin. Recently, it has indicated that the VTA-NAC pathway (monoamine system) may play an important role of the expression of psychological dependence on the volatile organic solvent toluene. Clarification of organic solvent's mechanism for the development of psychological dependence focusing on the monoamine system can be exploited for the new medicine and useful treatments for dependence on toluene.
PMID: 16619847
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