|
|
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char = ;code = 32
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char = f;code = 102
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char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
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char = b;code = 98
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char = a;code = 97
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char = 1;code = 49
char = ,;code = 44
char = 6;code = 54
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char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
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char = g;code = 103
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char = e;code = 101
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char = n;code = 110
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char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Induction of human neutrophil chemotaxis by Candida albicans-derived beta-1,6-long glycoside side-chain-branched beta-glucan.
Induction of human neutrophil chemotaxis by Candida albicans-derived beta-1,6-long glycoside side-chain-branched beta-glucan.char = P;code = 80
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char = G;code = 71
char = l;code = 108
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char = c;code = 99
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = S;code = 83
char = B;code = 66
char = G;code = 71
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = L;code = 76
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = C;code = 67
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = 1;code = 49
char = -;code = 45
char = 4;code = 52
char = G;code = 71
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = -;code = 45
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = A;code = 65
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = 2;code = 50
char = -;code = 45
char = 3;code = 51
char = G;code = 71
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = 1;code = 49
char = -;code = 45
char = 4;code = 52
char = G;code = 71
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = 1;code = 49
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = ';code = 39
char = -;code = 45
char = C;code = 67
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = S;code = 83
char = B;code = 66
char = G;code = 71
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = C;code = 67
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = C;code = 67
char = G;code = 71
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = R;code = 82
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
char = ,;code = 44
char = 6;code = 54
char = -;code = 45
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = -;code = 45
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
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char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = C;code = 67
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
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char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = 1;code = 49
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = -;code = 45
char = 3;code = 51
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char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = I;code = 73
char = -;code = 45
char = 3;code = 51
char = K;code = 75
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = (;code = 40
char = i;code = 105
char = /;code = 47
char = o;code = 111
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
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char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = S;code = 83
char = B;code = 66
char = G;code = 71
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char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = a;code = 97
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = u;code = 117
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char = t;code = 116
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char = g;code = 103
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = 1;code = 49
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char = 6;code = 54
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char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
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char = y;code = 121
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char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
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char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = C;code = 67
char = S;code = 83
char = B;code = 66
char = G;code = 71
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char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = C;code = 67
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
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char = p;code = 112
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char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
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char = m;code = 109
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char = g;code = 103
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = /;code = 47
char = P;code = 80
char = I;code = 73
char = -;code = 45
char = 3;code = 51
char = K;code = 75
char = /;code = 47
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = G;code = 71
char = -;code = 45
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
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result sql = Polysaccharide beta-1,3-D-glucans (beta-glucans) are components of the cell wall of various fungi and show immunomodulatory activities. beta-Glucans have been reported to enhance neutrophil accumulation during pathogenic fungi-induced lung inflammation. Therefore, we examined whether beta-glucans themselves possess chemotactic activities for human neutrophils. Among several kinds of beta-glucans, beta-1,6-long glucosyl side-chain-branched beta-glucan, isolated from Candida albicans [Candida soluble beta-D-glucan (CSBG)], dose-dependently induced neutrophil migration in a Boyden chamber system. In contrast, 1,6-monoglucosyl-branched beta-glucans, such as Sparassis crispa-derived beta-glucan (SCG) and grifolan (GRN), which were derived from nonpathogenic fungi, hardly induced neutrophil migration. Moreover, CSBG-induced neutrophil migration was inhibited completely by liposomes containing neutral glycosphingolipid lactosylceramide (LacCer; Galbeta1-4Glc-ceramide) but not NeuAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4Glcbeta1-1'-Cer ganglioside. Furthermore, binding experiments demonstrated that CSBG bound to glycosphingolipids (such as LacCer) with a terminal galactose residue; however, SCG and GRN (1,6-monoglucosyl-branched beta-glucans) did not bind to LacCer. It is important that a Src kinase inhibitor protein phosphatase 1, a phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3K) inhibitor wortmannin, and a Galpha(i/o) inhibitor pertussis toxin inhibited neutrophil migration toward CSBG. Taken together, our results suggest that beta-1,6-long glucosyl side-chain-branched beta-glucan CSBG binds to LacCer and induces neutrophil migration through the activation of Src family kinase/PI-3K/heterotrimeric G-protein signal transduction pathways.
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result sql = Induction of human neutrophil chemotaxis by Candida albicans-derived beta-1,6-long glycoside side-chain-branched beta-glucan.
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char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
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char = G;code = 71
char = R;code = 82
char = N;code = 78
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = S;code = 83
char = B;code = 66
char = G;code = 71
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = (;code = 40
char = L;code = 76
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = C;code = 67
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = 1;code = 49
char = -;code = 45
char = 4;code = 52
char = G;code = 71
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = -;code = 45
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = A;code = 65
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = 2;code = 50
char = -;code = 45
char = 3;code = 51
char = G;code = 71
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = 1;code = 49
char = -;code = 45
char = 4;code = 52
char = G;code = 71
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = 1;code = 49
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = ';code = 39
char = -;code = 45
char = C;code = 67
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = S;code = 83
char = B;code = 66
char = G;code = 71
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
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char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = C;code = 67
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
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char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = C;code = 67
char = G;code = 71
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = R;code = 82
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
char = ,;code = 44
char = 6;code = 54
char = -;code = 45
char = m;code = 109
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char = o;code = 111
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char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = y;code = 121
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char = -;code = 45
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
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char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
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char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = C;code = 67
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
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char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = 1;code = 49
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = -;code = 45
char = 3;code = 51
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char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = I;code = 73
char = -;code = 45
char = 3;code = 51
char = K;code = 75
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
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char = n;code = 110
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char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = G;code = 71
char = a;code = 97
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char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
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char = r;code = 114
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char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
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char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
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char = m;code = 109
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char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = S;code = 83
char = B;code = 66
char = G;code = 71
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = a;code = 97
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
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char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = u;code = 117
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char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = s;code = 115
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char = g;code = 103
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = 1;code = 49
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char = 6;code = 54
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char = g;code = 103
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char = g;code = 103
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
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char = y;code = 121
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char = d;code = 100
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = b;code = 98
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
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char = C;code = 67
char = S;code = 83
char = B;code = 66
char = G;code = 71
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = C;code = 67
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
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char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
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char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
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char = m;code = 109
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char = g;code = 103
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
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result sql = Polysaccharide beta-1,3-D-glucans (beta-glucans) are components of the cell wall of various fungi and show immunomodulatory activities. beta-Glucans have been reported to enhance neutrophil accumulation during pathogenic fungi-induced lung inflammation. Therefore, we examined whether beta-glucans themselves possess chemotactic activities for human neutrophils. Among several kinds of beta-glucans, beta-1,6-long glucosyl side-chain-branched beta-glucan, isolated from Candida albicans [Candida soluble beta-D-glucan (CSBG)], dose-dependently induced neutrophil migration in a Boyden chamber system. In contrast, 1,6-monoglucosyl-branched beta-glucans, such as Sparassis crispa-derived beta-glucan (SCG) and grifolan (GRN), which were derived from nonpathogenic fungi, hardly induced neutrophil migration. Moreover, CSBG-induced neutrophil migration was inhibited completely by liposomes containing neutral glycosphingolipid lactosylceramide (LacCer; Galbeta1-4Glc-ceramide) but not NeuAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4Glcbeta1-1'-Cer ganglioside. Furthermore, binding experiments demonstrated that CSBG bound to glycosphingolipids (such as LacCer) with a terminal galactose residue; however, SCG and GRN (1,6-monoglucosyl-branched beta-glucans) did not bind to LacCer. It is important that a Src kinase inhibitor protein phosphatase 1, a phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3K) inhibitor wortmannin, and a Galpha(i/o) inhibitor pertussis toxin inhibited neutrophil migration toward CSBG. Taken together, our results suggest that beta-1,6-long glucosyl side-chain-branched beta-glucan CSBG binds to LacCer and induces neutrophil migration through the activation of Src family kinase/PI-3K/heterotrimeric G-protein signal transduction pathways.
Publication: J. Leukoc. Biol. 2006 Jul ;80(1)::204-11.
Publication Date: 2006 Jul
Study Author(s): Sato, Tadashi;Iwabuchi, Kazuhisa;Nagaoka, Isao;Adachi, Yoshiyuki;Ohno, Naohito;Tamura, Hiroshi;Seyama, Kuniaki;Fukuchi, Yoshinosuke;Nakayama, Hitoshi;Yoshizaki, Fumiko;Takamori, Kenji;Ogawa, Hideoki;
Institution: Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka Urayasu-shi, Chiba 279-0021, Japan.
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2006 Jul
Study Author(s): Sato, Tadashi;Iwabuchi, Kazuhisa;Nagaoka, Isao;Adachi, Yoshiyuki;Ohno, Naohito;Tamura, Hiroshi;Seyama, Kuniaki;Fukuchi, Yoshinosuke;Nakayama, Hitoshi;Yoshizaki, Fumiko;Takamori, Kenji;Ogawa, Hideoki;
Institution: Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka Urayasu-shi, Chiba 279-0021, Japan.
Shortcut link to this study:
Polysaccharide beta-1,3-D-glucans (beta-glucans) are components of the cell wall of various fungi and show immunomodulatory activities. beta-Glucans have been reported to enhance neutrophil accumulation during pathogenic fungi-induced lung inflammation. Therefore, we examined whether beta-glucans themselves possess chemotactic activities for human neutrophils. Among several kinds of beta-glucans, beta-1,6-long glucosyl side-chain-branched beta-glucan, isolated from Candida albicans [Candida soluble beta-D-glucan (CSBG)], dose-dependently induced neutrophil migration in a Boyden chamber system. In contrast, 1,6-monoglucosyl-branched beta-glucans, such as Sparassis crispa-derived beta-glucan (SCG) and grifolan (GRN), which were derived from nonpathogenic fungi, hardly induced neutrophil migration. Moreover, CSBG-induced neutrophil migration was inhibited completely by liposomes containing neutral glycosphingolipid lactosylceramide (LacCer; Galbeta1-4Glc-ceramide) but not NeuAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4Glcbeta1-1'-Cer ganglioside. Furthermore, binding experiments demonstrated that CSBG bound to glycosphingolipids (such as LacCer) with a terminal galactose residue; however, SCG and GRN (1,6-monoglucosyl-branched beta-glucans) did not bind to LacCer. It is important that a Src kinase inhibitor protein phosphatase 1, a phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3K) inhibitor wortmannin, and a Galpha(i/o) inhibitor pertussis toxin inhibited neutrophil migration toward CSBG. Taken together, our results suggest that beta-1,6-long glucosyl side-chain-branched beta-glucan CSBG binds to LacCer and induces neutrophil migration through the activation of Src family kinase/PI-3K/heterotrimeric G-protein signal transduction pathways.
PMID: 16670126
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