char = D;code = 68
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = -;code = 45
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Delayed Clostridium perfringens growth from a spore inocula by sodium lactate in sous-vide chicken products.
Delayed Clostridium perfringens growth from a spore inocula by sodium lactate in sous-vide chicken products.
char = C;code = 67
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
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char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
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char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
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char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
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char = g;code = 103
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char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = k;code = 107
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char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
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char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = %;code = 37
char = ,;code = 44
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char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = 3;code = 51
char = %;code = 37
char = ,;code = 44
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char = o;code = 111
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char = 4;code = 52
char = .;code = 46
char = 8;code = 56
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
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char = m;code = 109
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char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = N;code = 78
char = a;code = 97
char = L;code = 76
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = /;code = 47
char = w;code = 119
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
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char = p;code = 112
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char = k;code = 107
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char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
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char = w;code = 119
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char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
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char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
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char = 7;code = 55
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char = l;code = 108
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = 4;code = 52
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = d;code = 100
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char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = C;code = 67
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
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char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
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char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
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char = a;code = 97
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char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
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char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
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char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
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char = p;code = 112
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char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = r;code = 114
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char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = 4;code = 52
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char = a;code = 97
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char = C;code = 67
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char = 1;code = 49
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char = N;code = 78
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char = w;code = 119
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char = N;code = 78
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = C;code = 67
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char = 4;code = 52
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char = s;code = 115
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char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
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char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 4;code = 52
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = a;code = 97
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
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char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
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char = 5;code = 53
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
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char = 7;code = 55
char = .;code = 46
char = 4;code = 52
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = a;code = 97
char = L;code = 76
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = 5;code = 53
char = 7;code = 55
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = 8;code = 56
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = a;code = 97
char = L;code = 76
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 4;code = 52
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = a;code = 97
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = a;code = 97
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = -;code = 45
char = 4;code = 52
char = .;code = 46
char = 8;code = 56
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = a;code = 97
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
result sql = Clostridium perfringens growth from a spore inoculum was investigated in vacuum-packaged, cook-in-bag marinated chicken breast that included 0%, 1.5%, 3%, or 4.8% sodium lactate (NaL; w/w). The packages were processed to an internal temperature of 71.1 degrees C, ice chilled and stored at 4, 19, and 25 degrees C. The total C. perfringens population was determined by plating diluted samples on Tryptose-sulfite-cycloserine agar followed by anaerobic incubation for 48 h at 37 degrees C. At 25 degrees C, addition of 1.5% NaL was effective in delaying growth for 29 h. Increasing the NaL level to 4.8%, C. perfringens growth from a spore inoculum during storage at 25 degrees C for 480 h was not observed. At 19 degrees C, the growth was > 6 log 10 cfu/g by 288 h in control samples. In samples with 3.0% or 4.8% NaL, the growth of C. perfringens from spores was dramatically restricted with little or no growth in 648 h at 19 degrees C. C. perfringens growth was not observed at 4 degrees C regardless of NaL concentration. The D-values at 55 degrees C ranged from 47.40 (no NaL) to 57.58 min (1.5% NaL). Cyclic and static temperature abuse of refrigerated products for 20 h did not permit C. perfringens growth. However, temperature abuse of products for periods 24 h or longer in the absence of NaL led to growth of C. perfringens from a spore inoculum. An extra degree of safety may be assured in such products by supplementation with NaL at 1.5-4.8% NaL level.

Publication: Food Microbiol. 2006 Apr ;23(2)::105-11.
Publication Date: 2006 Apr
Study Author(s): Juneja, Vijay K;
Institution: Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
Clostridium perfringens growth from a spore inoculum was investigated in vacuum-packaged, cook-in-bag marinated chicken breast that included 0%, 1.5%, 3%, or 4.8% sodium lactate (NaL; w/w). The packages were processed to an internal temperature of 71.1 degrees C, ice chilled and stored at 4, 19, and 25 degrees C. The total C. perfringens population was determined by plating diluted samples on Tryptose-sulfite-cycloserine agar followed by anaerobic incubation for 48 h at 37 degrees C. At 25 degrees C, addition of 1.5% NaL was effective in delaying growth for 29 h. Increasing the NaL level to 4.8%, C. perfringens growth from a spore inoculum during storage at 25 degrees C for 480 h was not observed. At 19 degrees C, the growth was > 6 log 10 cfu/g by 288 h in control samples. In samples with 3.0% or 4.8% NaL, the growth of C. perfringens from spores was dramatically restricted with little or no growth in 648 h at 19 degrees C. C. perfringens growth was not observed at 4 degrees C regardless of NaL concentration. The D-values at 55 degrees C ranged from 47.40 (no NaL) to 57.58 min (1.5% NaL). Cyclic and static temperature abuse of refrigerated products for 20 h did not permit C. perfringens growth. However, temperature abuse of products for periods 24 h or longer in the absence of NaL led to growth of C. perfringens from a spore inoculum. An extra degree of safety may be assured in such products by supplementation with NaL at 1.5-4.8% NaL level.
PMID: 16942993

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