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result sql = Integrating biological and chemical controls in decision making: European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) control in sweet corn as an example.

Integrating biological and chemical controls in decision making: European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) control in sweet corn as an example.

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char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = H;code = 72
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 2;code = 50
char = 5;code = 53
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;;code = 59
char = b;code = 98
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = L;code = 76
char = E;code = 69
char = P;code = 80
char = I;code = 73
char = D;code = 68
char = O;code = 79
char = P;code = 80
char = T;code = 84
char = E;code = 69
char = R;code = 82
char = A;code = 65
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = e;code = 101
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = Z;code = 90
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = .;code = 46
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = -;code = 45
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = -;code = 45
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = H;code = 72
char = Y;code = 89
char = M;code = 77
char = E;code = 69
char = N;code = 78
char = O;code = 79
char = P;code = 80
char = T;code = 84
char = E;code = 69
char = R;code = 82
char = A;code = 65
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
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char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = B;code = 66
char = t;code = 116
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
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char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
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char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
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char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
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char = T;code = 84
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = m;code = 109
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char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
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char = y;code = 121
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char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
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char = f;code = 102
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char = r;code = 114
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char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = h;code = 104
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char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
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char = m;code = 109
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char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
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char = w;code = 119
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
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char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = ,;code = 44
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char = w;code = 119
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = s;code = 115
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
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char = s;code = 115
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
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char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = m;code = 109
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char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = j;code = 106
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = -;code = 45
char = w;code = 119
char = k;code = 107
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = -;code = 45
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = >;code = 62
char = ;code = 32
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = k;code = 107
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = k;code = 107
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
result sql = As growers switch to transgenic crops and selective insecticides that are less toxic to natural enemies, natural enemies can become more important in agricultural pest management. Current decision-making guides are generally based on pest abundance and do not address pest and natural enemy toxicity differences among insecticides or the impact of natural enemies on pest survival. A refined approach to making pest management decisions is to include the impact of natural enemies and insecticides, thereby better integrating biological and chemical control. The result of this integration is a dynamic threshold that varies for each product and the level of biological control expected. To demonstrate the significance of conserved biological control in commercial production, a decision-making guide was developed that evaluates control options for European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (LEPIDOPTERA: Crambidae), in sweet corn, Zea mays L., where the primary natural enemies are generalist predators. Management options are lambda-cyhalothrin (broad-spectrum insecticide), spinosad (selective insecticide), Trichogramma ostriniae (Peng and Chen) (

HYMENOPTERA: Trichogrammatidae) (parasitoid), and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) sweet corn (transgenic variety). The key factors influencing thresholds for all treatments are the intended market, predator populations, and the presence of alternative foods for the predators. Treatment cost is the primary factor separating the threshold for each treatment within a common scenario, with the lowest cost treatment having the lowest pest threshold. However, when the impact of a treatment on natural enemies is projected over the 3-wk control period, the impact of the treatment on predators becomes the key factor in determining the threshold, so the lowest thresholds are for broad-spectrum treatments, whereas selective products can have thresholds > 6 times higher by the third week. This decision guide can serve as a framework to help focus future integrated pest management research and to aid in the selection of pest management tools.

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