|
|
char = E;code = 69
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = -;code = 45
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Effects of acute fluoxetine, paroxetine and desipramine on rats tested on the elevated plus-maze.
Effects of acute fluoxetine, paroxetine and desipramine on rats tested on the elevated plus-maze.char = A;code = 65
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = -;code = 45
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = -;code = 45
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 5;code = 53
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 5;code = 53
char = m;code = 109
char = g;code = 103
char = /;code = 47
char = k;code = 107
char = g;code = 103
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
char = m;code = 109
char = g;code = 103
char = /;code = 47
char = k;code = 107
char = g;code = 103
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
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char = 5;code = 53
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 5;code = 53
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = m;code = 109
char = g;code = 103
char = /;code = 47
char = k;code = 107
char = g;code = 103
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = m;code = 109
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char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = 3;code = 51
char = 0;code = 48
char = m;code = 109
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char = n;code = 110
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char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
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char = D;code = 68
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
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char = m;code = 109
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char = (;code = 40
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
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char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = m;code = 109
char = g;code = 103
char = /;code = 47
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char = g;code = 103
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
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char = u;code = 117
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
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char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
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char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
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char = .;code = 46
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char = I;code = 73
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char = c;code = 99
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char = i;code = 105
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char = w;code = 119
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
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char = c;code = 99
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char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
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char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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result sql = Antidepressants are usually prescribed for the treatment of depression but more recently have also been recommended for the treatment of anxiety disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anxiogenic- or anxiolytic-like effects of an acute administration of antidepressants (serotonergic and noradrenergic compounds) in male Wistar rats submitted to the elevated plus-maze. Fluoxetine (2.5, 5, 10, 15mg/kg), paroxetine (0.1, 0.5, 3, 12mg/kg) and desipramine (2.5, 5, 10mg/kg) or their vehicles were administered intraperitoneally 30min prior to testing. Diazepam (0.5, 1.5, 2.5mg/kg) was used as a positive comparator for anxiolytic effect. In comparison with control animals, the percentage of time the rats treated with fluoxetine (5 and 10mg/kg) and paroxetine (3 and 12mg/kg) spent in the open arms decreased. The percent of inactive time spent in the open arms also decreased in rats given fluoxetine (5 and 10mg/kg) and paroxetine (12mg/kg). Desipramine was inactive on all these parameters. In conclusion, acute treatment with fluoxetine and paroxetine, but not with desipramine, produced a pattern of anxiety behavior. Thus, the pharmacological mechanism appears to be due more to serotonergic than adrenergic neurotransmission. The elevated plus-maze exhibits good sensitivity for detecting anxiogenic effects of antidepressant drugs and the conventional parameters are sufficient and reliable for detecting such effects.
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result sql = Effects of acute fluoxetine, paroxetine and desipramine on rats tested on the elevated plus-maze.
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char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
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char = i;code = 105
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char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
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char = t;code = 116
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
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char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = -;code = 45
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
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char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
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char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = W;code = 87
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
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char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
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char = 2;code = 50
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char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 5;code = 53
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 5;code = 53
char = m;code = 109
char = g;code = 103
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char = k;code = 107
char = g;code = 103
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
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char = m;code = 109
char = g;code = 103
char = /;code = 47
char = k;code = 107
char = g;code = 103
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
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char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
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char = 5;code = 53
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 5;code = 53
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = m;code = 109
char = g;code = 103
char = /;code = 47
char = k;code = 107
char = g;code = 103
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = 3;code = 51
char = 0;code = 48
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
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char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
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char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
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char = 5;code = 53
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char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = m;code = 109
char = g;code = 103
char = /;code = 47
char = k;code = 107
char = g;code = 103
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
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char = u;code = 117
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
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char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
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char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
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char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
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char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
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char = x;code = 120
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
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char = (;code = 40
char = 5;code = 53
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char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
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char = g;code = 103
char = /;code = 47
char = k;code = 107
char = g;code = 103
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
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char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
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char = 3;code = 51
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char = g;code = 103
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char = k;code = 107
char = g;code = 103
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = m;code = 109
char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
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char = d;code = 100
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char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
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char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
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char = l;code = 108
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char = g;code = 103
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char = k;code = 107
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char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
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char = 1;code = 49
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char = g;code = 103
char = /;code = 47
char = k;code = 107
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char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = w;code = 119
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
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char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
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char = c;code = 99
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char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = a;code = 97
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char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
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char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
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char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
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char = b;code = 98
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result sql = Antidepressants are usually prescribed for the treatment of depression but more recently have also been recommended for the treatment of anxiety disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anxiogenic- or anxiolytic-like effects of an acute administration of antidepressants (serotonergic and noradrenergic compounds) in male Wistar rats submitted to the elevated plus-maze. Fluoxetine (2.5, 5, 10, 15mg/kg), paroxetine (0.1, 0.5, 3, 12mg/kg) and desipramine (2.5, 5, 10mg/kg) or their vehicles were administered intraperitoneally 30min prior to testing. Diazepam (0.5, 1.5, 2.5mg/kg) was used as a positive comparator for anxiolytic effect. In comparison with control animals, the percentage of time the rats treated with fluoxetine (5 and 10mg/kg) and paroxetine (3 and 12mg/kg) spent in the open arms decreased. The percent of inactive time spent in the open arms also decreased in rats given fluoxetine (5 and 10mg/kg) and paroxetine (12mg/kg). Desipramine was inactive on all these parameters. In conclusion, acute treatment with fluoxetine and paroxetine, but not with desipramine, produced a pattern of anxiety behavior. Thus, the pharmacological mechanism appears to be due more to serotonergic than adrenergic neurotransmission. The elevated plus-maze exhibits good sensitivity for detecting anxiogenic effects of antidepressant drugs and the conventional parameters are sufficient and reliable for detecting such effects.
Publication: Behav. Brain Res. 2007 Jan 25 ;176(2)::202-9.
Publication Date: 2007 Jan 25
Study Author(s): Drapier, Dominique;Bentué-Ferrer, Danièle;Laviolle, Bruno;Millet, Bruno;Allain, Hervé;Bourin, Michel;Reymann, Jean-Michel;
Institution: Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Guillaume Régnier, 108 avenue du Général Leclerc, 35703 Rennes Cedex, France.
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2007 Jan 25
Study Author(s): Drapier, Dominique;Bentué-Ferrer, Danièle;Laviolle, Bruno;Millet, Bruno;Allain, Hervé;Bourin, Michel;Reymann, Jean-Michel;
Institution: Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Guillaume Régnier, 108 avenue du Général Leclerc, 35703 Rennes Cedex, France.
Shortcut link to this study:
Antidepressants are usually prescribed for the treatment of depression but more recently have also been recommended for the treatment of anxiety disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anxiogenic- or anxiolytic-like effects of an acute administration of antidepressants (serotonergic and noradrenergic compounds) in male Wistar rats submitted to the elevated plus-maze. Fluoxetine (2.5, 5, 10, 15mg/kg), paroxetine (0.1, 0.5, 3, 12mg/kg) and desipramine (2.5, 5, 10mg/kg) or their vehicles were administered intraperitoneally 30min prior to testing. Diazepam (0.5, 1.5, 2.5mg/kg) was used as a positive comparator for anxiolytic effect. In comparison with control animals, the percentage of time the rats treated with fluoxetine (5 and 10mg/kg) and paroxetine (3 and 12mg/kg) spent in the open arms decreased. The percent of inactive time spent in the open arms also decreased in rats given fluoxetine (5 and 10mg/kg) and paroxetine (12mg/kg). Desipramine was inactive on all these parameters. In conclusion, acute treatment with fluoxetine and paroxetine, but not with desipramine, produced a pattern of anxiety behavior. Thus, the pharmacological mechanism appears to be due more to serotonergic than adrenergic neurotransmission. The elevated plus-maze exhibits good sensitivity for detecting anxiogenic effects of antidepressant drugs and the conventional parameters are sufficient and reliable for detecting such effects.
PMID: 17095104
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