char = R;code = 82 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = g;code = 103 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 result sql = Repeated cannabinoid administration increases indices of noradrenergic activity in rats.
Repeated cannabinoid administration increases indices of noradrenergic activity in rats.char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = d;code = 100 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = y;code = 121 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = W;code = 87 char = I;code = 73 char = N;code = 78 char = ;code = 32 char = 5;code = 53 char = 5;code = 53 char = ,;code = 44 char = 2;code = 50 char = 1;code = 49 char = 2;code = 50 char = -;code = 45 char = 2;code = 50 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = o;code = 111 char = -;code = 45 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = x;code = 120 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = M;code = 77 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = -;code = 45 char = D;code = 68 char = a;code = 97 char = w;code = 119 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = j;code = 106 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = W;code = 87 char = I;code = 73 char = N;code = 78 char = ;code = 32 char = 5;code = 53 char = 5;code = 53 char = ,;code = 44 char = 2;code = 50 char = 1;code = 49 char = 2;code = 50 char = -;code = 45 char = 2;code = 50 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = 3;code = 51 char = .;code = 46 char = 0;code = 48 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = g;code = 103 char = /;code = 47 char = k;code = 107 char = g;code = 103 char = );code = 41 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = p;code = 112 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = W;code = 87 char = I;code = 73 char = N;code = 78 char = ;code = 32 char = 5;code = 53 char = 5;code = 53 char = ,;code = 44 char = 2;code = 50 char = 1;code = 49 char = 2;code = 50 char = -;code = 45 char = 2;code = 50 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = j;code = 106 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = j;code = 106 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = j;code = 106 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = 8;code = 56 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = x;code = 120 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = -;code = 45 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = z;code = 122 char = e;code = 101 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = p;code = 112 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = f;code = 102 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = 8;code = 56 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = F;code = 70 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = L;code = 76 char = C;code = 67 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = d;code = 100 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = x;code = 120 char = y;code = 121 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = T;code = 84 char = H;code = 72 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = p;code = 112 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = x;code = 120 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = W;code = 87 char = I;code = 73 char = N;code = 78 char = ;code = 32 char = 5;code = 53 char = 5;code = 53 char = ,;code = 44 char = 2;code = 50 char = 1;code = 49 char = 2;code = 50 char = -;code = 45 char = 2;code = 50 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = R;code = 82 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = W;code = 87 char = I;code = 73 char = N;code = 78 char = ;code = 32 char = 5;code = 53 char = 5;code = 53 char = ,;code = 44 char = 2;code = 50 char = 1;code = 49 char = 2;code = 50 char = -;code = 45 char = 2;code = 50 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = o;code = 111 char = k;code = 107 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = x;code = 120 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = -;code = 45 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = k;code = 107 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = H;code = 72 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = L;code = 76 char = C;code = 67 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = b;code = 98 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = u;code = 117 char = g;code = 103 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = x;code = 120 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = j;code = 106 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = W;code = 87 char = I;code = 73 char = N;code = 78 char = ;code = 32 char = 5;code = 53 char = 5;code = 53 char = ,;code = 44 char = 2;code = 50 char = 1;code = 49 char = 2;code = 50 char = -;code = 45 char = 2;code = 50 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = 8;code = 56 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = n;code = 110 char = x;code = 120 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = -;code = 45 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = k;code = 107 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = y;code = 121 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = z;code = 122 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = z;code = 122 char = y;code = 121 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = E;code = 69 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = x;code = 120 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = f;code = 102 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = 8;code = 56 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = y;code = 121 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = x;code = 120 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = -;code = 45 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = k;code = 107 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = y;code = 121 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = z;code = 122 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = z;code = 122 char = y;code = 121 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = L;code = 76 char = C;code = 67 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = u;code = 117 char = g;code = 103 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = x;code = 120 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = j;code = 106 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = W;code = 87 char = I;code = 73 char = N;code = 78 char = ;code = 32 char = 5;code = 53 char = 5;code = 53 char = ,;code = 44 char = 2;code = 50 char = 1;code = 49 char = 2;code = 50 char = -;code = 45 char = 2;code = 50 char = .;code = 46 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 result sql = The present study examined the impact of repeated administration of a synthetic cannabinoid agonist, WIN 55,212-2 on the coeruleo-cortical pathway, a circuit implicated in anxiety. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received repeated systemic injections of WIN 55,212-2 (3.0 mg/kg). A separate group of rats received repeated WIN 55,212-2 injections followed by a period of abstinence. Control animals received vehicle injections. Ninety minutes following the last injection on day 8, anxiety-related behavior was assessed using the elevated plus maze. The abstinent group was tested after another 8 days. Following behavioral testing, brain tissue was extracted from the locus coeruleus (LC) and probed for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression. In a separate group of animals, in vivo microdialysis was used to monitor extracellular norepinephrine efflux in the frontal cortex following repeated WIN 55,212-2 administration and following a period of abstinence. Repeated administration of WIN 55,212-2 evoked an anxiogenic-like response that was accompanied by an increase in TH protein expression in the LC. A similar neurochemical profile was observed using in vivo microdialysis where an augmented increase in cortical norepinephrine efflux was identified in response to a systemic injection of WIN 55,212-2 on day 8. Anxiety-like behavior, catecholamine synthesizing enzyme levels and NE efflux returned to control values after 8 days of abstinence. The present findings indicate that repeated administration of a synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist induces transient anxiety-like behaviors that correlate with increases in catecholamine synthesizing enzyme expression in the LC and augmented norepinephrine efflux in response to a challenge injection of WIN 55,212-2.
Publication: Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 2007 Jan ;86(1)::162-8.
Publication Date: 2007 Jan
Study Author(s): Page, M E;Oropeza, V C;Sparks, S E;Qian, Y;Menko, A S;Van Bockstaele, E J;
Institution: Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Neurosurgery, Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
[email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
The present study examined the impact of repeated administration of a synthetic cannabinoid agonist, WIN 55,212-2 on the coeruleo-cortical pathway, a circuit implicated in anxiety. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received repeated systemic injections of WIN 55,212-2 (3.0 mg/kg). A separate group of rats received repeated WIN 55,212-2 injections followed by a period of abstinence. Control animals received vehicle injections. Ninety minutes following the last injection on day 8, anxiety-related behavior was assessed using the elevated plus maze. The abstinent group was tested after another 8 days. Following behavioral testing, brain tissue was extracted from the locus coeruleus (LC) and probed for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression. In a separate group of animals, in vivo microdialysis was used to monitor extracellular norepinephrine efflux in the frontal cortex following repeated WIN 55,212-2 administration and following a period of abstinence. Repeated administration of WIN 55,212-2 evoked an anxiogenic-like response that was accompanied by an increase in TH protein expression in the LC. A similar neurochemical profile was observed using in vivo microdialysis where an augmented increase in cortical norepinephrine efflux was identified in response to a systemic injection of WIN 55,212-2 on day 8. Anxiety-like behavior, catecholamine synthesizing enzyme levels and NE efflux returned to control values after 8 days of abstinence. The present findings indicate that repeated administration of a synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist induces transient anxiety-like behaviors that correlate with increases in catecholamine synthesizing enzyme expression in the LC and augmented norepinephrine efflux in response to a challenge injection of WIN 55,212-2.
PMID: 17275893