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Pathobiology and management of laboratory rodents administered CDC category A agents.
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char = m;code = 109
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char = F;code = 70
char = a;code = 97
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char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
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char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
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char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
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char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
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char = b;code = 98
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char = t;code = 116
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char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = k;code = 107
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = z;code = 122
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
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char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = t;code = 116
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
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char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
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char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = r;code = 114
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = j;code = 106
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
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char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = r;code = 114
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char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
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char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
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char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
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char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
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char = d;code = 100
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char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = a;code = 97
char = z;code = 122
char = A;code = 65
char = R;code = 82
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = H;code = 72
char = a;code = 97
char = z;code = 122
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = p;code = 112
char = :;code = 58
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char = /;code = 47
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = .;code = 46
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
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char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
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char = s;code = 115
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char = g;code = 103
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
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char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
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char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
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char = f;code = 102
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char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
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char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
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char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
char = k;code = 107
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char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = z;code = 122
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
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result sql = The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Category A infectious agents include Bacillus anthracis (anthrax), Clostridium botulinum toxin (botulism), Yersinia pestis (plague), variola major virus (smallpox), Francisella tularensis (tularemia), and the filoviruses and arenaviruses that induce viral hemorrhagic fevers. These agents are regarded as having the greatest potential for adverse impact on public health and therefore are a focus of renewed attention in infectious disease research. Frequently rodent models are used to study the pathobiology of these agents. Although much is known regarding naturally occurring infections in humans, less is documented on the sources of exposures and potential risks of infection to researchers and animal care personnel after the administration of these hazardous substances to laboratory animals. Failure to appropriately manage the animals can result both in the creation of workplace hazards if human exposures occur and in disruption of the research if unintended animal exposures occur. Here we review representative Category A agents, with a focus on comparing the biologic effects in naturally infected humans and rodent models and on considerations specific to the management of infected rodent subjects. The information reviewed for each agent has been curated manually and stored in a unique Internet-based database system called HazARD (Hazards in Animal Research Database, http://helab.bioinformatics.med.umich.edu/hazard/) that is designed to assist researchers, administrators, safety officials, Institutional Biosafety Committees, and veterinary personnel seeking information on the management of risks associated with animal studies involving hazardous substances.

Publication: Comp. Med. 2007 Feb ;57(1)::18-32.
Publication Date: 2007 Feb
Study Author(s): He, Yongqun;Rush, Howard G;Liepman, Rachel S;Xiang, Zuoshuang;Colby, Lesley A;
Institution: Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Category A infectious agents include Bacillus anthracis (anthrax), Clostridium botulinum toxin (botulism), Yersinia pestis (plague), variola major virus (smallpox), Francisella tularensis (tularemia), and the filoviruses and arenaviruses that induce viral hemorrhagic fevers. These agents are regarded as having the greatest potential for adverse impact on public health and therefore are a focus of renewed attention in infectious disease research. Frequently rodent models are used to study the pathobiology of these agents. Although much is known regarding naturally occurring infections in humans, less is documented on the sources of exposures and potential risks of infection to researchers and animal care personnel after the administration of these hazardous substances to laboratory animals. Failure to appropriately manage the animals can result both in the creation of workplace hazards if human exposures occur and in disruption of the research if unintended animal exposures occur. Here we review representative Category A agents, with a focus on comparing the biologic effects in naturally infected humans and rodent models and on considerations specific to the management of infected rodent subjects. The information reviewed for each agent has been curated manually and stored in a unique Internet-based database system called HazARD (Hazards in Animal Research Database, http://helab.bioinformatics.med.umich.edu/hazard/) that is designed to assist researchers, administrators, safety officials, Institutional Biosafety Committees, and veterinary personnel seeking information on the management of risks associated with animal studies involving hazardous substances.
PMID: 17348288

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