|
|
char = A;code = 65
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char = f;code = 102
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result sql = Antimicrobial phenotypes and molecular basis in clinical strains of Clostridium difficile.
Antimicrobial phenotypes and molecular basis in clinical strains of Clostridium difficile.char = C;code = 67
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char = o;code = 111
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char = f;code = 102
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char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = f;code = 102
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char = C;code = 67
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char = d;code = 100
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char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = C;code = 67
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = n;code = 110
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char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = z;code = 122
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
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char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = M;code = 77
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char = R;code = 82
char = );code = 41
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char = b;code = 98
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result sql = Clostridium difficile remains the leading cause of nosocomial-acquired diarrhea. This study investigated antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of C. difficile over a 3-year period. Three hundred seventeen C. difficile isolates recovered between 2002 and 2004 were analyzed for their susceptibility to erythromycin (ERY), clindamycin (CLI), moxifloxacin (MXF), doxycycline (DOX), vancomycin (VAN), and metronidazole (MTR) by Etest. The molecular basis for resistance was investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. PCR ribotyping was used to differentiate strains. All strains were susceptible to VAN and MTR. Resistance rates to ERY/CLI, MXF, and DOX increased during the study period. Eighty-four (26.5%) strains exhibited resistance against ERY/CLI, MXF, and DOX. PREVALENCE OF RESISTANCE GENES WAS AS FOLLOWS: ermB, 83; ermQ, 0; ermFS, 1; tetM, 84; tetP, 0; tetO, 2; and gyrA mutation, 76. These results indicate an increasing trend in the prevalence of combined resistance against macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B antibiotics, fluoroquinolones, and tetracycline in C. difficile. The lack of understanding of antibiotic resistance mechanisms in C. difficile and the increased resistant strains warrants further investigations.
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result sql = Antimicrobial phenotypes and molecular basis in clinical strains of Clostridium difficile.
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char = R;code = 82
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char = s;code = 115
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char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = P;code = 80
char = C;code = 67
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char = D;code = 68
char = N;code = 78
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char = s;code = 115
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char = r;code = 114
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char = f;code = 102
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char = l;code = 108
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char = a;code = 97
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
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char = s;code = 115
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char = A;code = 65
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
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char = t;code = 116
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char = E;code = 69
char = R;code = 82
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char = C;code = 67
char = L;code = 76
char = I;code = 73
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char = F;code = 70
char = ,;code = 44
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char = a;code = 97
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char = D;code = 68
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
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char = h;code = 104
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char = E;code = 69
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char = C;code = 67
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char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = A;code = 65
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char = C;code = 67
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char = G;code = 71
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char = E;code = 69
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char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = S;code = 83
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char = F;code = 70
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char = L;code = 76
char = O;code = 79
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char = S;code = 83
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char = b;code = 98
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = 8;code = 56
char = 3;code = 51
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char = m;code = 109
char = Q;code = 81
char = ,;code = 44
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char = 0;code = 48
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char = ;code = 32
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char = S;code = 83
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char = 1;code = 49
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char = t;code = 116
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char = M;code = 77
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char = 4;code = 52
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char = P;code = 80
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char = O;code = 79
char = ,;code = 44
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char = ;code = 32
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char = 7;code = 55
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char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
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char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
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char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
result sql = Clostridium difficile remains the leading cause of nosocomial-acquired diarrhea. This study investigated antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of C. difficile over a 3-year period. Three hundred seventeen C. difficile isolates recovered between 2002 and 2004 were analyzed for their susceptibility to erythromycin (ERY), clindamycin (CLI), moxifloxacin (MXF), doxycycline (DOX), vancomycin (VAN), and metronidazole (MTR) by Etest. The molecular basis for resistance was investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. PCR ribotyping was used to differentiate strains. All strains were susceptible to VAN and MTR. Resistance rates to ERY/CLI, MXF, and DOX increased during the study period. Eighty-four (26.5%) strains exhibited resistance against ERY/CLI, MXF, and DOX. PREVALENCE OF RESISTANCE GENES WAS AS FOLLOWS: ermB, 83; ermQ, 0; ermFS, 1; tetM, 84; tetP, 0; tetO, 2; and gyrA mutation, 76. These results indicate an increasing trend in the prevalence of combined resistance against macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B antibiotics, fluoroquinolones, and tetracycline in C. difficile. The lack of understanding of antibiotic resistance mechanisms in C. difficile and the increased resistant strains warrants further investigations.
Publication: Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 2007 Sep ;59(1)::1-5.
Publication Date: 2007 Sep
Study Author(s): Schmidt, Christoph;Löffler, Birgit;Ackermann, Grit;
Institution: Institute for Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2007 Sep
Study Author(s): Schmidt, Christoph;Löffler, Birgit;Ackermann, Grit;
Institution: Institute for Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Shortcut link to this study:
Clostridium difficile remains the leading cause of nosocomial-acquired diarrhea. This study investigated antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of C. difficile over a 3-year period. Three hundred seventeen C. difficile isolates recovered between 2002 and 2004 were analyzed for their susceptibility to erythromycin (ERY), clindamycin (CLI), moxifloxacin (MXF), doxycycline (DOX), vancomycin (VAN), and metronidazole (MTR) by Etest. The molecular basis for resistance was investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. PCR ribotyping was used to differentiate strains. All strains were susceptible to VAN and MTR. Resistance rates to ERY/CLI, MXF, and DOX increased during the study period. Eighty-four (26.5%) strains exhibited resistance against ERY/CLI, MXF, and DOX. PREVALENCE OF RESISTANCE GENES WAS AS FOLLOWS: ermB, 83; ermQ, 0; ermFS, 1; tetM, 84; tetP, 0; tetO, 2; and gyrA mutation, 76. These results indicate an increasing trend in the prevalence of combined resistance against macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B antibiotics, fluoroquinolones, and tetracycline in C. difficile. The lack of understanding of antibiotic resistance mechanisms in C. difficile and the increased resistant strains warrants further investigations.
PMID: 17509804
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