char = L;code = 76 char = i;code = 105 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = f;code = 102 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = u;code = 117 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = y;code = 121 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 result sql = Lipid rafts establish calcium waves in hepatocytes.
Lipid rafts establish calcium waves in hepatocytes.char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = B;code = 66 char = A;code = 65 char = C;code = 67 char = K;code = 75 char = G;code = 71 char = R;code = 82 char = O;code = 79 char = U;code = 85 char = N;code = 78 char = D;code = 68 char = ;code = 32 char = &;code = 38 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = I;code = 73 char = M;code = 77 char = S;code = 83 char = ;code = 32 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = /;code = 47 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = P;code = 80 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = y;code = 121 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = a;code = 97 char = (;code = 40 char = 2;code = 50 char = +;code = 43 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = z;code = 122 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = y;code = 121 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = 1;code = 49 char = ,;code = 44 char = 4;code = 52 char = ,;code = 44 char = 5;code = 53 char = -;code = 45 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = I;code = 73 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = P;code = 80 char = 3;code = 51 char = R;code = 82 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = z;code = 122 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = k;code = 107 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = W;code = 87 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = z;code = 122 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = P;code = 80 char = 3;code = 51 char = R;code = 82 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = a;code = 97 char = (;code = 40 char = 2;code = 50 char = +;code = 43 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = f;code = 102 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = M;code = 77 char = E;code = 69 char = T;code = 84 char = H;code = 72 char = O;code = 79 char = D;code = 68 char = S;code = 83 char = ;code = 32 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = /;code = 47 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = E;code = 69 char = x;code = 120 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = y;code = 121 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = k;code = 107 char = H;code = 72 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = z;code = 122 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = l;code = 108 char = -;code = 45 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = -;code = 45 char = c;code = 99 char = y;code = 121 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = m;code = 109 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = C;code = 67 char = D;code = 68 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = p;code = 112 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = f;code = 102 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = P;code = 80 char = 3;code = 51 char = R;code = 82 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = m;code = 109 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = m;code = 109 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = a;code = 97 char = (;code = 40 char = 2;code = 50 char = +;code = 43 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = y;code = 121 char = .;code = 46 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = R;code = 82 char = E;code = 69 char = S;code = 83 char = U;code = 85 char = L;code = 76 char = T;code = 84 char = S;code = 83 char = ;code = 32 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = /;code = 47 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = T;code = 84 char = y;code = 121 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = I;code = 73 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = P;code = 80 char = 3;code = 51 char = R;code = 82 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = z;code = 122 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = y;code = 121 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = b;code = 98 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = C;code = 67 char = D;code = 68 char = -;code = 45 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = P;code = 80 char = 3;code = 51 char = R;code = 82 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = b;code = 98 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = f;code = 102 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = C;code = 67 char = D;code = 68 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = V;code = 86 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = -;code = 45 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = a;code = 97 char = (;code = 40 char = 2;code = 50 char = +;code = 43 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = -;code = 45 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = -;code = 45 char = b;code = 98 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = a;code = 97 char = (;code = 40 char = 2;code = 50 char = +;code = 43 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = C;code = 67 char = D;code = 68 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = M;code = 77 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = C;code = 67 char = D;code = 68 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = a;code = 97 char = (;code = 40 char = 2;code = 50 char = +;code = 43 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = a;code = 97 char = (;code = 40 char = 2;code = 50 char = +;code = 43 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = k;code = 107 char = H;code = 72 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = g;code = 103 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = z;code = 122 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = C;code = 67 char = D;code = 68 char = .;code = 46 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = C;code = 67 char = O;code = 79 char = N;code = 78 char = C;code = 67 char = L;code = 76 char = U;code = 85 char = S;code = 83 char = I;code = 73 char = O;code = 79 char = N;code = 78 char = S;code = 83 char = ;code = 32 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = /;code = 47 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = L;code = 76 char = i;code = 105 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = f;code = 102 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = m;code = 109 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = P;code = 80 char = 3;code = 51 char = R;code = 82 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = y;code = 121 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = z;code = 122 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = a;code = 97 char = (;code = 40 char = 2;code = 50 char = +;code = 43 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = m;code = 109 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = n;code = 110 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = p;code = 112 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = .;code = 46 result sql = BACKGROUND & AIMS : Polarity is critical for hepatocyte function. Ca(2+) waves are polarized in hepatocytes because the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R) is concentrated in the pericanalicular region, but the basis for this localization is unknown. We examined whether pericanalicular localization of the InsP3R and its action to trigger Ca(2+) waves depends on lipid rafts.METHODS : Experiments were performed using isolated rat hepatocyte couplets and pancreatic acini, plus SkHep1 cells as nonpolarized controls. The cholesterol depleting agent methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (mbetaCD) was used to disrupt lipid rafts. InsP3R isoforms were examined by immunoblot and immunofluorescence. Ca(2+) waves were examined by confocal microscopy.RESULTS : Type II InsP3Rs initially were localized to only some endoplasmic reticulum fractions in hepatocytes, but redistributed into all fractions in mbetaCD-treated cells. This InsP3R isoform was concentrated in the pericanalicular region, but redistributed throughout the cell after mbetaCD treatment. Vasopressin-induced Ca(2+) signals began as apical-to-basal Ca(2+) waves, and mbetaCD slowed the wave speed and prolonged the rise time. MbetaCD had a similar effect on Ca(2+) waves in acinar cells but did not affect Ca(2+) signals in SkHep1 cells, suggesting that cholesterol depletion has similar effects among polarized epithelia, but this is not a nonspecific effect of mbetaCD.CONCLUSIONS : Lipid rafts are responsible for the pericanalicular accumulation of InsP3R in hepatocytes, and for the polarized Ca(2+) waves that result. Signaling microdomains exist not only in the plasma membrane, but also in the nearby endoplasmic reticulum, which in turn, helps establish and maintain structural and functional polarity.
Publication: Gastroenterology 2007 Jul ;133(1)::256-67.
Publication Date: 2007 Jul
Study Author(s): Nagata, Jun;Guerra, Mateus T;Shugrue, Christine A;Gomes, Dawidson A;Nagata, Naoki;Nathanson, Michael H;
Institution: Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8019, USA.
Shortcut link to this study:
BACKGROUND & AIMS : Polarity is critical for hepatocyte function. Ca(2+) waves are polarized in hepatocytes because the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R) is concentrated in the pericanalicular region, but the basis for this localization is unknown. We examined whether pericanalicular localization of the InsP3R and its action to trigger Ca(2+) waves depends on lipid rafts.METHODS : Experiments were performed using isolated rat hepatocyte couplets and pancreatic acini, plus SkHep1 cells as nonpolarized controls. The cholesterol depleting agent methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (mbetaCD) was used to disrupt lipid rafts. InsP3R isoforms were examined by immunoblot and immunofluorescence. Ca(2+) waves were examined by confocal microscopy.RESULTS : Type II InsP3Rs initially were localized to only some endoplasmic reticulum fractions in hepatocytes, but redistributed into all fractions in mbetaCD-treated cells. This InsP3R isoform was concentrated in the pericanalicular region, but redistributed throughout the cell after mbetaCD treatment. Vasopressin-induced Ca(2+) signals began as apical-to-basal Ca(2+) waves, and mbetaCD slowed the wave speed and prolonged the rise time. MbetaCD had a similar effect on Ca(2+) waves in acinar cells but did not affect Ca(2+) signals in SkHep1 cells, suggesting that cholesterol depletion has similar effects among polarized epithelia, but this is not a nonspecific effect of mbetaCD.CONCLUSIONS : Lipid rafts are responsible for the pericanalicular accumulation of InsP3R in hepatocytes, and for the polarized Ca(2+) waves that result. Signaling microdomains exist not only in the plasma membrane, but also in the nearby endoplasmic reticulum, which in turn, helps establish and maintain structural and functional polarity.
PMID: 17631147