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char = a;code = 97
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char = r;code = 114
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char = ;code = 32
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char = c;code = 99
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char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
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char = f;code = 102
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char = p;code = 112
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char = o;code = 111
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char = z;code = 122
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char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
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char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Caffeine induces macroautophagy and confers a cytocidal effect on food spoilage yeast in combination with benzoic acid.
Caffeine induces macroautophagy and confers a cytocidal effect on food spoilage yeast in combination with benzoic acid.
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char = s;code = 115
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char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
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char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
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char = W;code = 87
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char = l;code = 108
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char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
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char = w;code = 119
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
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char = m;code = 109
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char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
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char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
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char = p;code = 112
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char = f;code = 102
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char = t;code = 116
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char = d;code = 100
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char = n;code = 110
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
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char = d;code = 100
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
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char = ;code = 32
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char = i;code = 105
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char = c;code = 99
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char = n;code = 110
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char = b;code = 98
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char = ;code = 32
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char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
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char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
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char = n;code = 110
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char = s;code = 115
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char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
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char = o;code = 111
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char = f;code = 102
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
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char = u;code = 117
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char = i;code = 105
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char = f;code = 102
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
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char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
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char = z;code = 122
char = o;code = 111
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char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = o;code = 111
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char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
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char = <;code = 60
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char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
result sql = Weak organic acids are an important class of food preservatives that are particularly efficacious towards yeast and fungal spoilage. While acids with small aliphatic chains appear to function by acidification of the cytosol and are required at high concentrations to inhibit growth, more hydrophobic organic acids such as sorbic and benzoic acid have been suggested to function by perturbing membrane dynamics and are growth-inhibitory at much lower concentrations. We previously demonstrated that benzoic acid has selective effects on membrane trafficking in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Benzoic acid selectively blocks macroautophagy in S. cerevisiae while acetic acid does not, and sorbic acid does so to a lesser extent. Indeed, while both benzoic acid and nitrogen starvation are cytostatic when assayed separately, the combination of these treatments is cytocidal, because macroautophagy is essential for survival during nitrogen starvation. In this report, we demonstrate that Zygosaccharomyces bailii, a food spoilage yeast with relatively high resistance to weak acid stress, also exhibits a cytocidal response to the combination of benzoic acid and nitrogen starvation. In addition, we show that nitrogen starvation can be replaced by caffeine supplementation. Caffeine induces a starvation response that includes the induction of macroautophagy, and the combination of caffeine and benzoic acid is cytocidal, as predicted from the nitrogen starvation data.

Publication: Autophagy 2008 Jan ;4(1)::28-36.
Publication Date: 2008 Jan
Study Author(s): Winter, Gal;Hazan, Reut;Bakalinsky, Alan T;Abeliovich, Hagai;
Institution: Department of Biochemistry and Food Science, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
Shortcut link to this study:
Weak organic acids are an important class of food preservatives that are particularly efficacious towards yeast and fungal spoilage. While acids with small aliphatic chains appear to function by acidification of the cytosol and are required at high concentrations to inhibit growth, more hydrophobic organic acids such as sorbic and benzoic acid have been suggested to function by perturbing membrane dynamics and are growth-inhibitory at much lower concentrations. We previously demonstrated that benzoic acid has selective effects on membrane trafficking in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Benzoic acid selectively blocks macroautophagy in S. cerevisiae while acetic acid does not, and sorbic acid does so to a lesser extent. Indeed, while both benzoic acid and nitrogen starvation are cytostatic when assayed separately, the combination of these treatments is cytocidal, because macroautophagy is essential for survival during nitrogen starvation. In this report, we demonstrate that Zygosaccharomyces bailii, a food spoilage yeast with relatively high resistance to weak acid stress, also exhibits a cytocidal response to the combination of benzoic acid and nitrogen starvation. In addition, we show that nitrogen starvation can be replaced by caffeine supplementation. Caffeine induces a starvation response that includes the induction of macroautophagy, and the combination of caffeine and benzoic acid is cytocidal, as predicted from the nitrogen starvation data.
PMID: 17952024

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