|
|
char = A;code = 65
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char = f;code = 102
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char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
char = y;code = 121
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char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = G;code = 71
char = 9;code = 57
char = 3;code = 51
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
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char = D;code = 68
char = 1;code = 49
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char = d;code = 100
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = S;code = 83
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Abnormal medial prefrontal cortex connectivity and defective fear extinction in the presymptomatic G93A SOD1 mouse model of ALS.
Abnormal medial prefrontal cortex connectivity and defective fear extinction in the presymptomatic G93A SOD1 mouse model of ALS.char = A;code = 65
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result sql = Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal progressive neuropathy associated with the degeneration of spinal and brainstem motor neurons. Although ALS is essentially considered as a lower motor neuron disease, prefrontal cortex atrophy underlying executive function deficits have been extensively reported in ALS patients. Here, we examine whether prefrontal cortex neuronal abnormalities and related cognitive impairments are present in presymptomatic G93A Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase mice, a mouse model for familial ALS. Structural characteristics of prelimbic/infralimbic (PL/IL) medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) neurons were studied in 3-month-old G93A and wild-type mice with the Golgi-Cox method, while mPFC-related cognitive operations were assessed using the conditioned fear extinction paradigm. Sholl analysis performed on the dendritic material showed a reduction in dendrite length and branch nodes on basal dendrites of PL/IL neurons in G93A mice. Spine density was also decreased on basal dendrite segments of branch order five. Consistent with the altered morphology of PL/IL cortical regions, G93A mice showed impaired extinction of conditioned fear. Our findings indicate that abnormal prefrontal cortex connectivity and function are appreciable before the onset of motor disturbances in this model.
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result sql = Abnormal medial prefrontal cortex connectivity and defective fear extinction in the presymptomatic G93A SOD1 mouse model of ALS.
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char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
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char = u;code = 117
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
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char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
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char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = y;code = 121
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = 9;code = 57
char = 3;code = 51
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = u;code = 117
char = /;code = 47
char = Z;code = 90
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = S;code = 83
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
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char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = L;code = 76
char = /;code = 47
char = I;code = 73
char = L;code = 76
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
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char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
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char = m;code = 109
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char = F;code = 70
char = C;code = 67
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char = ;code = 32
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char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
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char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = t;code = 116
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char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = G;code = 71
char = o;code = 111
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char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = -;code = 45
char = C;code = 67
char = o;code = 111
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char = m;code = 109
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char = h;code = 104
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char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
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char = m;code = 109
char = P;code = 80
char = F;code = 70
char = C;code = 67
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char = r;code = 114
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char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = c;code = 99
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char = g;code = 103
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char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
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char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
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char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
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char = i;code = 105
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char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = m;code = 109
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
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char = y;code = 121
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char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
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char = p;code = 112
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char = r;code = 114
char = f;code = 102
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char = r;code = 114
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = h;code = 104
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
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char = u;code = 117
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
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char = P;code = 80
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char = I;code = 73
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
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char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
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char = G;code = 71
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char = 3;code = 51
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
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char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
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char = f;code = 102
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char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
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char = f;code = 102
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char = v;code = 118
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char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
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char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
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char = g;code = 103
char = y;code = 121
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = L;code = 76
char = /;code = 47
char = I;code = 73
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = r;code = 114
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char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = 9;code = 57
char = 3;code = 51
char = A;code = 65
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char = m;code = 109
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
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result sql = Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal progressive neuropathy associated with the degeneration of spinal and brainstem motor neurons. Although ALS is essentially considered as a lower motor neuron disease, prefrontal cortex atrophy underlying executive function deficits have been extensively reported in ALS patients. Here, we examine whether prefrontal cortex neuronal abnormalities and related cognitive impairments are present in presymptomatic G93A Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase mice, a mouse model for familial ALS. Structural characteristics of prelimbic/infralimbic (PL/IL) medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) neurons were studied in 3-month-old G93A and wild-type mice with the Golgi-Cox method, while mPFC-related cognitive operations were assessed using the conditioned fear extinction paradigm. Sholl analysis performed on the dendritic material showed a reduction in dendrite length and branch nodes on basal dendrites of PL/IL neurons in G93A mice. Spine density was also decreased on basal dendrite segments of branch order five. Consistent with the altered morphology of PL/IL cortical regions, G93A mice showed impaired extinction of conditioned fear. Our findings indicate that abnormal prefrontal cortex connectivity and function are appreciable before the onset of motor disturbances in this model.
Publication: Genes Brain Behav. 2008 Jun ;7(4)::427-34.
Publication Date: 2008 Jun
Study Author(s): Sgobio, C;Trabalza, A;Spalloni, A;Zona, C;Carunchio, I;Longone, P;Ammassari-Teule, M;
Institution: CNR Institute for Neuroscience, IRCCS S. Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2008 Jun
Study Author(s): Sgobio, C;Trabalza, A;Spalloni, A;Zona, C;Carunchio, I;Longone, P;Ammassari-Teule, M;
Institution: CNR Institute for Neuroscience, IRCCS S. Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
Shortcut link to this study:
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal progressive neuropathy associated with the degeneration of spinal and brainstem motor neurons. Although ALS is essentially considered as a lower motor neuron disease, prefrontal cortex atrophy underlying executive function deficits have been extensively reported in ALS patients. Here, we examine whether prefrontal cortex neuronal abnormalities and related cognitive impairments are present in presymptomatic G93A Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase mice, a mouse model for familial ALS. Structural characteristics of prelimbic/infralimbic (PL/IL) medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) neurons were studied in 3-month-old G93A and wild-type mice with the Golgi-Cox method, while mPFC-related cognitive operations were assessed using the conditioned fear extinction paradigm. Sholl analysis performed on the dendritic material showed a reduction in dendrite length and branch nodes on basal dendrites of PL/IL neurons in G93A mice. Spine density was also decreased on basal dendrite segments of branch order five. Consistent with the altered morphology of PL/IL cortical regions, G93A mice showed impaired extinction of conditioned fear. Our findings indicate that abnormal prefrontal cortex connectivity and function are appreciable before the onset of motor disturbances in this model.
PMID: 18081837
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