|
|
char = R;code = 82
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = F;code = 70
char = R;code = 82
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = -;code = 45
char = 5;code = 53
char = 1;code = 49
char = -;code = 45
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = T;code = 84
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = j;code = 106
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Reproducibilities and responses to food intake of GFR measured with chromium-51-EDTA and iohexol simultaneously and independently in normal subjects.
Reproducibilities and responses to food intake of GFR measured with chromium-51-EDTA and iohexol simultaneously and independently in normal subjects.char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = B;code = 66
char = A;code = 65
char = C;code = 67
char = K;code = 75
char = G;code = 71
char = R;code = 82
char = O;code = 79
char = U;code = 85
char = N;code = 78
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = G;code = 71
char = F;code = 70
char = R;code = 82
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = r;code = 114
char = -;code = 45
char = 5;code = 53
char = 1;code = 49
char = -;code = 45
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = T;code = 84
char = A;code = 65
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = B;code = 66
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = E;code = 69
char = C;code = 67
char = V;code = 86
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = M;code = 77
char = E;code = 69
char = T;code = 84
char = H;code = 72
char = O;code = 79
char = D;code = 68
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = F;code = 70
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = F;code = 70
char = R;code = 82
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = r;code = 114
char = -;code = 45
char = 5;code = 53
char = 1;code = 49
char = -;code = 45
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = T;code = 84
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = j;code = 106
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = V;code = 86
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 4;code = 52
char = 0;code = 48
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 6;code = 54
char = 0;code = 48
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 8;code = 56
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 4;code = 52
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = j;code = 106
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = j;code = 106
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = -;code = 45
char = C;code = 67
char = r;code = 114
char = -;code = 45
char = 5;code = 53
char = 1;code = 49
char = -;code = 45
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = T;code = 84
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = -;code = 45
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = X;code = 88
char = -;code = 45
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = A;code = 65
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char = t;code = 116
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char = C;code = 67
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char = 6;code = 54
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char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = (;code = 40
char = G;code = 71
char = F;code = 70
char = R;code = 82
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char = E;code = 69
char = C;code = 67
char = V;code = 86
char = 3;code = 51
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char = <;code = 60
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char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
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char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
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char = R;code = 82
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char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
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char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
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char = G;code = 71
char = F;code = 70
char = R;code = 82
char = /;code = 47
char = B;code = 66
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = 3;code = 51
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char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = 4;code = 52
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char = C;code = 67
char = r;code = 114
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char = 5;code = 53
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char = -;code = 45
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char = D;code = 68
char = T;code = 84
char = A;code = 65
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char = a;code = 97
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char = .;code = 46
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char = U;code = 85
char = s;code = 115
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char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
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char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = T;code = 84
char = A;code = 65
char = ,;code = 44
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char = G;code = 71
char = F;code = 70
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char = C;code = 67
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char = G;code = 71
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char = C;code = 67
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char = (;code = 40
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char = %;code = 37
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char = S;code = 83
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char = S;code = 83
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char = .;code = 46
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char = C;code = 67
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char = a;code = 97
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char = C;code = 67
char = L;code = 76
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
char = I;code = 73
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
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char = :;code = 58
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char = G;code = 71
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char = R;code = 82
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char = B;code = 66
char = S;code = 83
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char = .;code = 46
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char = G;code = 71
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char = R;code = 82
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char = D;code = 68
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char = C;code = 67
char = V;code = 86
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char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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result sql = BACKGROUND : The aim was to evaluate the reproducibility of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measured with iohexol and its response to food in a direct and independent comparison with Cr-51-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and examine the influence of two different whole body scaling parameters, body surface area (BSA) and extracellular fluid volume (ECV).
METHODS : Fasting and non-fasting GFR were measured in 20 normal volunteers using Cr-51-EDTA and iohexol, simultaneously injected into opposite arms. In 10, the fasting study was repeated. Venous samples obtained bilaterally 20, 40, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min after injection were assayed for indicator injected contralaterally-Cr-51-EDTA by well-counting and iohexol by X-ray fluorescence. GFR scaled to BSA was measured from six samples (GFR/BSA6) and from the last three (GFR/BSA3). GFR scaled to ECV was calculated as the mean transit time of marker using six samples (GFR/ECV6) or the last three (GFR/ECV3).
RESULTS : GFR/BSA3 was reproducible (coefficient of variations of 7.4% for Cr-51-EDTA and 7.6% for iohexol). Using Cr-51-EDTA, GFR/ECV3 (9.1%) and GFR/ECV6 (7.7%) were as reproducible as GFR/BSA3 and GFR/BSA6 (both 8.1%). However, GFR/ECV3 measured with iohexol had poorer reproducibility (16.8%). Food resulted in an increase in scaled GFR of about 5 ml/min but this was statistically significant only with respect to GFR/BSA (measured with Cr-51-EDTA or iohexol) and not GFR/ECV.
CONCLUSIONS : Measured with Cr-51-EDTA, but not iohexol, GFR/ECV was as reproducible as GFR/BSA. GFR/BSA, measured with Cr-51-EDTA or iohexol, but not GFR/ECV, significantly increased after food.
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result sql = Reproducibilities and responses to food intake of GFR measured with chromium-51-EDTA and iohexol simultaneously and independently in normal subjects.
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
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char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
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char = C;code = 67
char = r;code = 114
char = -;code = 45
char = 5;code = 53
char = 1;code = 49
char = -;code = 45
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = T;code = 84
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
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char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = -;code = 45
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = X;code = 88
char = -;code = 45
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = F;code = 70
char = R;code = 82
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
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char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = x;code = 120
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = (;code = 40
char = G;code = 71
char = F;code = 70
char = R;code = 82
char = /;code = 47
char = B;code = 66
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = 6;code = 54
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = G;code = 71
char = F;code = 70
char = R;code = 82
char = /;code = 47
char = B;code = 66
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = 3;code = 51
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = F;code = 70
char = R;code = 82
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = C;code = 67
char = V;code = 86
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = x;code = 120
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = G;code = 71
char = F;code = 70
char = R;code = 82
char = /;code = 47
char = E;code = 69
char = C;code = 67
char = V;code = 86
char = 6;code = 54
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = G;code = 71
char = F;code = 70
char = R;code = 82
char = /;code = 47
char = E;code = 69
char = C;code = 67
char = V;code = 86
char = 3;code = 51
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = G;code = 71
char = F;code = 70
char = R;code = 82
char = /;code = 47
char = B;code = 66
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = 3;code = 51
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = 7;code = 55
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char = 4;code = 52
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = r;code = 114
char = -;code = 45
char = 5;code = 53
char = 1;code = 49
char = -;code = 45
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = T;code = 84
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 7;code = 55
char = .;code = 46
char = 6;code = 54
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = U;code = 85
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = r;code = 114
char = -;code = 45
char = 5;code = 53
char = 1;code = 49
char = -;code = 45
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = T;code = 84
char = A;code = 65
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = F;code = 70
char = R;code = 82
char = /;code = 47
char = E;code = 69
char = C;code = 67
char = V;code = 86
char = 3;code = 51
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 9;code = 57
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = %;code = 37
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = F;code = 70
char = R;code = 82
char = /;code = 47
char = E;code = 69
char = C;code = 67
char = V;code = 86
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 7;code = 55
char = .;code = 46
char = 7;code = 55
char = %;code = 37
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = F;code = 70
char = R;code = 82
char = /;code = 47
char = B;code = 66
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = 3;code = 51
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = F;code = 70
char = R;code = 82
char = /;code = 47
char = B;code = 66
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = 8;code = 56
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = %;code = 37
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = F;code = 70
char = R;code = 82
char = /;code = 47
char = E;code = 69
char = C;code = 67
char = V;code = 86
char = 3;code = 51
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
char = .;code = 46
char = 8;code = 56
char = %;code = 37
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = o;code = 111
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = F;code = 70
char = R;code = 82
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 5;code = 53
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char = m;code = 109
char = l;code = 108
char = /;code = 47
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
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char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
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char = c;code = 99
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char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = g;code = 103
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char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
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char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = F;code = 70
char = R;code = 82
char = /;code = 47
char = B;code = 66
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = m;code = 109
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char = a;code = 97
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char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = r;code = 114
char = -;code = 45
char = 5;code = 53
char = 1;code = 49
char = -;code = 45
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = T;code = 84
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
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char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = F;code = 70
char = R;code = 82
char = /;code = 47
char = E;code = 69
char = C;code = 67
char = V;code = 86
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
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char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = C;code = 67
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = C;code = 67
char = L;code = 76
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
char = I;code = 73
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = M;code = 77
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = r;code = 114
char = -;code = 45
char = 5;code = 53
char = 1;code = 49
char = -;code = 45
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = T;code = 84
char = A;code = 65
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
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char = n;code = 110
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char = i;code = 105
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char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = F;code = 70
char = R;code = 82
char = /;code = 47
char = E;code = 69
char = C;code = 67
char = V;code = 86
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = F;code = 70
char = R;code = 82
char = /;code = 47
char = B;code = 66
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = F;code = 70
char = R;code = 82
char = /;code = 47
char = B;code = 66
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
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result sql = BACKGROUND : The aim was to evaluate the reproducibility of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measured with iohexol and its response to food in a direct and independent comparison with Cr-51-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and examine the influence of two different whole body scaling parameters, body surface area (BSA) and extracellular fluid volume (ECV).
METHODS : Fasting and non-fasting GFR were measured in 20 normal volunteers using Cr-51-EDTA and iohexol, simultaneously injected into opposite arms. In 10, the fasting study was repeated. Venous samples obtained bilaterally 20, 40, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min after injection were assayed for indicator injected contralaterally-Cr-51-EDTA by well-counting and iohexol by X-ray fluorescence. GFR scaled to BSA was measured from six samples (GFR/BSA6) and from the last three (GFR/BSA3). GFR scaled to ECV was calculated as the mean transit time of marker using six samples (GFR/ECV6) or the last three (GFR/ECV3).
RESULTS : GFR/BSA3 was reproducible (coefficient of variations of 7.4% for Cr-51-EDTA and 7.6% for iohexol). Using Cr-51-EDTA, GFR/ECV3 (9.1%) and GFR/ECV6 (7.7%) were as reproducible as GFR/BSA3 and GFR/BSA6 (both 8.1%). However, GFR/ECV3 measured with iohexol had poorer reproducibility (16.8%). Food resulted in an increase in scaled GFR of about 5 ml/min but this was statistically significant only with respect to GFR/BSA (measured with Cr-51-EDTA or iohexol) and not GFR/ECV.
CONCLUSIONS : Measured with Cr-51-EDTA, but not iohexol, GFR/ECV was as reproducible as GFR/BSA. GFR/BSA, measured with Cr-51-EDTA or iohexol, but not GFR/ECV, significantly increased after food.
Publication: Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2008 Jun ;23(6)::1902-9. :doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfm825.
Publication Date: 2008 Jun
Study Author(s): Bird, Nicholas J;Peters, Christina;Michell, A Robert;Peters, A Michael;
Institution: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge.
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2008 Jun
Study Author(s): Bird, Nicholas J;Peters, Christina;Michell, A Robert;Peters, A Michael;
Institution: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge.
Shortcut link to this study:
BACKGROUND : The aim was to evaluate the reproducibility of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measured with iohexol and its response to food in a direct and independent comparison with Cr-51-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and examine the influence of two different whole body scaling parameters, body surface area (BSA) and extracellular fluid volume (ECV).
METHODS : Fasting and non-fasting GFR were measured in 20 normal volunteers using Cr-51-EDTA and iohexol, simultaneously injected into opposite arms. In 10, the fasting study was repeated. Venous samples obtained bilaterally 20, 40, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min after injection were assayed for indicator injected contralaterally-Cr-51-EDTA by well-counting and iohexol by X-ray fluorescence. GFR scaled to BSA was measured from six samples (GFR/BSA6) and from the last three (GFR/BSA3). GFR scaled to ECV was calculated as the mean transit time of marker using six samples (GFR/ECV6) or the last three (GFR/ECV3).
RESULTS : GFR/BSA3 was reproducible (coefficient of variations of 7.4% for Cr-51-EDTA and 7.6% for iohexol). Using Cr-51-EDTA, GFR/ECV3 (9.1%) and GFR/ECV6 (7.7%) were as reproducible as GFR/BSA3 and GFR/BSA6 (both 8.1%). However, GFR/ECV3 measured with iohexol had poorer reproducibility (16.8%). Food resulted in an increase in scaled GFR of about 5 ml/min but this was statistically significant only with respect to GFR/BSA (measured with Cr-51-EDTA or iohexol) and not GFR/ECV.
CONCLUSIONS : Measured with Cr-51-EDTA, but not iohexol, GFR/ECV was as reproducible as GFR/BSA. GFR/BSA, measured with Cr-51-EDTA or iohexol, but not GFR/ECV, significantly increased after food.
METHODS : Fasting and non-fasting GFR were measured in 20 normal volunteers using Cr-51-EDTA and iohexol, simultaneously injected into opposite arms. In 10, the fasting study was repeated. Venous samples obtained bilaterally 20, 40, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min after injection were assayed for indicator injected contralaterally-Cr-51-EDTA by well-counting and iohexol by X-ray fluorescence. GFR scaled to BSA was measured from six samples (GFR/BSA6) and from the last three (GFR/BSA3). GFR scaled to ECV was calculated as the mean transit time of marker using six samples (GFR/ECV6) or the last three (GFR/ECV3).
RESULTS : GFR/BSA3 was reproducible (coefficient of variations of 7.4% for Cr-51-EDTA and 7.6% for iohexol). Using Cr-51-EDTA, GFR/ECV3 (9.1%) and GFR/ECV6 (7.7%) were as reproducible as GFR/BSA3 and GFR/BSA6 (both 8.1%). However, GFR/ECV3 measured with iohexol had poorer reproducibility (16.8%). Food resulted in an increase in scaled GFR of about 5 ml/min but this was statistically significant only with respect to GFR/BSA (measured with Cr-51-EDTA or iohexol) and not GFR/ECV.
CONCLUSIONS : Measured with Cr-51-EDTA, but not iohexol, GFR/ECV was as reproducible as GFR/BSA. GFR/BSA, measured with Cr-51-EDTA or iohexol, but not GFR/ECV, significantly increased after food.
PMID: 18364371
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