|
|
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = w;code = 119
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char = e;code = 101
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char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
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char = g;code = 103
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
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char = c;code = 99
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
result sql = The relation between the migration function of birds and fishes and their lagenal function.
The relation between the migration function of birds and fishes and their lagenal function.char = <;code = 60
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char = >;code = 62
char = C;code = 67
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = C;code = 67
char = L;code = 76
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
char = I;code = 73
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
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char = q;code = 113
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char = b;code = 98
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char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
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char = l;code = 108
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char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
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char = c;code = 99
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char = .;code = 46
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char = T;code = 84
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char = s;code = 115
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
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char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
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char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
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char = w;code = 119
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char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = f;code = 102
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char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
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char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
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char = n;code = 110
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char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
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result sql = CONCLUSION : The lagena of pigeons is a unique organ and it is concluded that it is a key element in the magnetic sensor system of pigeons and migrating birds. The lagenal otolith in pigeons contains more iron than saccular and utricular otoliths. The function of the lagena of pigeons was clarified because the homing ability of pigeons was largely disrupted after unilateral lagenal nerve section and attachment of magnetic balls with a magnetic field strength under 5 Gauss. The lagena of pigeons may have a navigational function as a geomagnetic sensor.
OBJECTIVE : Otoliths of many kinds of fishes and birds were analyzed.
MATERIALS AND METHODS : The otoliths of fish and birds were analyzed using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence analysis. Behavioral experiments concerning homing ability of pigeons were done by sectioning their lagenal nerves or interfering with the function of the lagena using a magnet. Twenty-one birds were treated in this way and 30 birds from the same loft of racing pigeons were used as controls.
RESULTS : By comparing the compositions of the three different kinds of otoliths among several species of sea fish and birds, it was found that the saccular and utricular otoliths contain scarcely detectable levels of iron but that iron is present in significant quantities in the lagenal otoliths of the birds and sea fish. The results of homing tests clearly revealed a magnetic influence on the function of the lagena in terms of navigation ability of pigeons. The treated pigeons were either lost or significantly delayed while the controls returned within 30 min of release.
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char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = r;code = 114
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char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
result sql = The relation between the migration function of birds and fishes and their lagenal function.
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = C;code = 67
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = C;code = 67
char = L;code = 76
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
char = I;code = 73
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
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char = >;code = 62
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
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char = l;code = 108
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
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char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
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char = i;code = 105
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char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
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char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
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char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
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char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
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char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
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char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
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char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = e;code = 101
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char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
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char = n;code = 110
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = m;code = 109
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char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
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char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
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char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = 5;code = 53
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char = G;code = 71
char = a;code = 97
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
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char = T;code = 84
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char = g;code = 103
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char = C;code = 67
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char = :;code = 58
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char = S;code = 83
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char = A;code = 65
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
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char = o;code = 111
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char = f;code = 102
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char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = -;code = 45
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = B;code = 66
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
result sql = CONCLUSION : The lagena of pigeons is a unique organ and it is concluded that it is a key element in the magnetic sensor system of pigeons and migrating birds. The lagenal otolith in pigeons contains more iron than saccular and utricular otoliths. The function of the lagena of pigeons was clarified because the homing ability of pigeons was largely disrupted after unilateral lagenal nerve section and attachment of magnetic balls with a magnetic field strength under 5 Gauss. The lagena of pigeons may have a navigational function as a geomagnetic sensor.
OBJECTIVE : Otoliths of many kinds of fishes and birds were analyzed.
MATERIALS AND METHODS : The otoliths of fish and birds were analyzed using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence analysis. Behavioral experiments concerning homing ability of pigeons were done by sectioning their lagenal nerves or interfering with the function of the lagena using a magnet. Twenty-one birds were treated in this way and 30 birds from the same loft of racing pigeons were used as controls.
RESULTS : By comparing the compositions of the three different kinds of otoliths among several species of sea fish and birds, it was found that the saccular and utricular otoliths contain scarcely detectable levels of iron but that iron is present in significant quantities in the lagenal otoliths of the birds and sea fish. The results of homing tests clearly revealed a magnetic influence on the function of the lagena in terms of navigation ability of pigeons. The treated pigeons were either lost or significantly delayed while the controls returned within 30 min of release.
Publication: Acta Otolaryngol. 2008 Apr ;128(4)::432-9. :doi: 10.1080/00016480701724920.
Publication Date: 2008 Apr
Study Author(s): Harada, Yasuo;
Institution: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2008 Apr
Study Author(s): Harada, Yasuo;
Institution: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
CONCLUSION : The lagena of pigeons is a unique organ and it is concluded that it is a key element in the magnetic sensor system of pigeons and migrating birds. The lagenal otolith in pigeons contains more iron than saccular and utricular otoliths. The function of the lagena of pigeons was clarified because the homing ability of pigeons was largely disrupted after unilateral lagenal nerve section and attachment of magnetic balls with a magnetic field strength under 5 Gauss. The lagena of pigeons may have a navigational function as a geomagnetic sensor.
OBJECTIVE : Otoliths of many kinds of fishes and birds were analyzed.
MATERIALS AND METHODS : The otoliths of fish and birds were analyzed using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence analysis. Behavioral experiments concerning homing ability of pigeons were done by sectioning their lagenal nerves or interfering with the function of the lagena using a magnet. Twenty-one birds were treated in this way and 30 birds from the same loft of racing pigeons were used as controls.
RESULTS : By comparing the compositions of the three different kinds of otoliths among several species of sea fish and birds, it was found that the saccular and utricular otoliths contain scarcely detectable levels of iron but that iron is present in significant quantities in the lagenal otoliths of the birds and sea fish. The results of homing tests clearly revealed a magnetic influence on the function of the lagena in terms of navigation ability of pigeons. The treated pigeons were either lost or significantly delayed while the controls returned within 30 min of release.
OBJECTIVE : Otoliths of many kinds of fishes and birds were analyzed.
MATERIALS AND METHODS : The otoliths of fish and birds were analyzed using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence analysis. Behavioral experiments concerning homing ability of pigeons were done by sectioning their lagenal nerves or interfering with the function of the lagena using a magnet. Twenty-one birds were treated in this way and 30 birds from the same loft of racing pigeons were used as controls.
RESULTS : By comparing the compositions of the three different kinds of otoliths among several species of sea fish and birds, it was found that the saccular and utricular otoliths contain scarcely detectable levels of iron but that iron is present in significant quantities in the lagenal otoliths of the birds and sea fish. The results of homing tests clearly revealed a magnetic influence on the function of the lagena in terms of navigation ability of pigeons. The treated pigeons were either lost or significantly delayed while the controls returned within 30 min of release.
PMID: 18368579
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