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result sql = CT of pediatric vascular stents used to treat congenital heart disease.
CT of pediatric vascular stents used to treat congenital heart disease.char = <;code = 60
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char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = T;code = 84
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 9;code = 57
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 9;code = 57
char = 3;code = 51
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = 4;code = 52
char = -;code = 45
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = 9;code = 57
char = 9;code = 57
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 5;code = 53
char = -;code = 45
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 9;code = 57
char = 9;code = 57
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = 9;code = 57
char = 1;code = 49
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 3;code = 51
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = T;code = 84
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = k;code = 107
char = V;code = 86
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 9;code = 57
char = 8;code = 56
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 9;code = 57
char = 3;code = 51
char = .;code = 46
char = 9;code = 57
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = k;code = 107
char = V;code = 86
char = p;code = 112
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 3;code = 51
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = C;code = 67
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = C;code = 67
char = L;code = 76
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
char = I;code = 73
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = C;code = 67
char = T;code = 84
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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result sql = OBJECTIVE : The purpose of our study was to assess the visibility of lumen narrowing of pediatric vascular stents using various CT dose parameters in an in vitro model.
MATERIALS AND METHODS : Ten steel stents of varying designs and sizes commonly used in the treatment of congenital heart disease were implanted in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubes and three of the 10 stents were partially obstructed with wax by filling 25% (mild) to 60% (moderate) of the lumen with contrast material. On a 64-MDCT scanner, the stents were scanned at tube voltages (kVp) of 80, 100, and 120 and at tube currents (mA) of 40, 80, 120, and 160. CT measurements of inner-stent diameter, strut thickness, and percent lumen (in-stent) stenoses were compared with biplane fluoroscopy of digital angiography.
RESULTS : The stent diameter and percent stenosis on all CT images were consistently smaller than measured on digital angiography but were highly correlated (r = 0.97; p < 0.0001) with improvement as stent diameter increased (93% agreement with digital angiography for 4-mm stent, up to 99% for 25-mm stent; p = 0.001). Moderate stenosis could be assessed better than mild stenosis (99% vs 91% agreement with digital angiography; p = 0.003). Increasing exposure settings improved CT correlation of all measurements for mA up to 120 and kVp up to 100 (98.1% agreement). Higher settings did not improve accuracy (93.9% for 160 mA at 120 kVp; p = 0.03).
CONCLUSION : CT is feasible to assess lumen narrowing of pediatric vascular stents at a wide range of tube settings. The study suggests that it is possible to lower the radiation exposure settings without loss in image quality or accuracy in detecting in-stent stenoses.
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result sql = CT of pediatric vascular stents used to treat congenital heart disease.
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char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = T;code = 84
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 9;code = 57
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 9;code = 57
char = 3;code = 51
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = 4;code = 52
char = -;code = 45
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = 9;code = 57
char = 9;code = 57
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 5;code = 53
char = -;code = 45
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 9;code = 57
char = 9;code = 57
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = 9;code = 57
char = 1;code = 49
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 3;code = 51
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = T;code = 84
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = k;code = 107
char = V;code = 86
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 9;code = 57
char = 8;code = 56
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 9;code = 57
char = 3;code = 51
char = .;code = 46
char = 9;code = 57
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = k;code = 107
char = V;code = 86
char = p;code = 112
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 3;code = 51
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = C;code = 67
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = C;code = 67
char = L;code = 76
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
char = I;code = 73
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = C;code = 67
char = T;code = 84
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
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result sql = OBJECTIVE : The purpose of our study was to assess the visibility of lumen narrowing of pediatric vascular stents using various CT dose parameters in an in vitro model.
MATERIALS AND METHODS : Ten steel stents of varying designs and sizes commonly used in the treatment of congenital heart disease were implanted in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubes and three of the 10 stents were partially obstructed with wax by filling 25% (mild) to 60% (moderate) of the lumen with contrast material. On a 64-MDCT scanner, the stents were scanned at tube voltages (kVp) of 80, 100, and 120 and at tube currents (mA) of 40, 80, 120, and 160. CT measurements of inner-stent diameter, strut thickness, and percent lumen (in-stent) stenoses were compared with biplane fluoroscopy of digital angiography.
RESULTS : The stent diameter and percent stenosis on all CT images were consistently smaller than measured on digital angiography but were highly correlated (r = 0.97; p < 0.0001) with improvement as stent diameter increased (93% agreement with digital angiography for 4-mm stent, up to 99% for 25-mm stent; p = 0.001). Moderate stenosis could be assessed better than mild stenosis (99% vs 91% agreement with digital angiography; p = 0.003). Increasing exposure settings improved CT correlation of all measurements for mA up to 120 and kVp up to 100 (98.1% agreement). Higher settings did not improve accuracy (93.9% for 160 mA at 120 kVp; p = 0.03).
CONCLUSION : CT is feasible to assess lumen narrowing of pediatric vascular stents at a wide range of tube settings. The study suggests that it is possible to lower the radiation exposure settings without loss in image quality or accuracy in detecting in-stent stenoses.
Publication: AJR Am J Roentgenol 2008 May ;190(5)::1241-6. :doi: 10.2214/AJR.07.3194.
Publication Date: 2008 May
Study Author(s): Eichhorn, Joachim G;Jourdan, Claudia;Hill, Sharon L;Raman, Subha V;Cheatham, John P;Long, Frederick R;
Institution: Department of Radiology, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2008 May
Study Author(s): Eichhorn, Joachim G;Jourdan, Claudia;Hill, Sharon L;Raman, Subha V;Cheatham, John P;Long, Frederick R;
Institution: Department of Radiology, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
OBJECTIVE : The purpose of our study was to assess the visibility of lumen narrowing of pediatric vascular stents using various CT dose parameters in an in vitro model.
MATERIALS AND METHODS : Ten steel stents of varying designs and sizes commonly used in the treatment of congenital heart disease were implanted in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubes and three of the 10 stents were partially obstructed with wax by filling 25% (mild) to 60% (moderate) of the lumen with contrast material. On a 64-MDCT scanner, the stents were scanned at tube voltages (kVp) of 80, 100, and 120 and at tube currents (mA) of 40, 80, 120, and 160. CT measurements of inner-stent diameter, strut thickness, and percent lumen (in-stent) stenoses were compared with biplane fluoroscopy of digital angiography.
RESULTS : The stent diameter and percent stenosis on all CT images were consistently smaller than measured on digital angiography but were highly correlated (r = 0.97; p < 0.0001) with improvement as stent diameter increased (93% agreement with digital angiography for 4-mm stent, up to 99% for 25-mm stent; p = 0.001). Moderate stenosis could be assessed better than mild stenosis (99% vs 91% agreement with digital angiography; p = 0.003). Increasing exposure settings improved CT correlation of all measurements for mA up to 120 and kVp up to 100 (98.1% agreement). Higher settings did not improve accuracy (93.9% for 160 mA at 120 kVp; p = 0.03).
CONCLUSION : CT is feasible to assess lumen narrowing of pediatric vascular stents at a wide range of tube settings. The study suggests that it is possible to lower the radiation exposure settings without loss in image quality or accuracy in detecting in-stent stenoses.
MATERIALS AND METHODS : Ten steel stents of varying designs and sizes commonly used in the treatment of congenital heart disease were implanted in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubes and three of the 10 stents were partially obstructed with wax by filling 25% (mild) to 60% (moderate) of the lumen with contrast material. On a 64-MDCT scanner, the stents were scanned at tube voltages (kVp) of 80, 100, and 120 and at tube currents (mA) of 40, 80, 120, and 160. CT measurements of inner-stent diameter, strut thickness, and percent lumen (in-stent) stenoses were compared with biplane fluoroscopy of digital angiography.
RESULTS : The stent diameter and percent stenosis on all CT images were consistently smaller than measured on digital angiography but were highly correlated (r = 0.97; p < 0.0001) with improvement as stent diameter increased (93% agreement with digital angiography for 4-mm stent, up to 99% for 25-mm stent; p = 0.001). Moderate stenosis could be assessed better than mild stenosis (99% vs 91% agreement with digital angiography; p = 0.003). Increasing exposure settings improved CT correlation of all measurements for mA up to 120 and kVp up to 100 (98.1% agreement). Higher settings did not improve accuracy (93.9% for 160 mA at 120 kVp; p = 0.03).
CONCLUSION : CT is feasible to assess lumen narrowing of pediatric vascular stents at a wide range of tube settings. The study suggests that it is possible to lower the radiation exposure settings without loss in image quality or accuracy in detecting in-stent stenoses.
PMID: 18430838
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