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char = l;code = 108
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char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = f;code = 102
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char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
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char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = g;code = 103
char = y;code = 121
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char = i;code = 105
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char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Factors influencing lead and iron release from some Egyptian drinking water pipes.
Factors influencing lead and iron release from some Egyptian drinking water pipes.
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = j;code = 106
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
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char = j;code = 106
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
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char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
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char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
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char = p;code = 112
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
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char = p;code = 112
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char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = H;code = 72
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = k;code = 107
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = g;code = 103
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = V;code = 86
char = C;code = 67
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = P;code = 80
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = G;code = 71
char = I;code = 73
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = H;code = 72
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = H;code = 72
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = k;code = 107
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
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char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
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char = d;code = 100
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char = o;code = 111
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char = r;code = 114
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char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
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char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
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char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = T;code = 84
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
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char = /;code = 47
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char = w;code = 119
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char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = ;code = 32
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char = y;code = 121
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char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
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char = f;code = 102
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char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
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char = m;code = 109
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char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
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char = r;code = 114
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char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
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char = t;code = 116
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char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
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char = d;code = 100
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char = a;code = 97
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char = l;code = 108
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
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char = I;code = 73
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = G;code = 71
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char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = V;code = 86
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
result sql = The major objective of this study is to assess the effect of stagnation time, pipe age, pipes material and water quality parameters such as pH, alkalinity and chloride to sulfate mass ratio on lead and iron release from different types of water pipes used in Egypt namely polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP) and galvanized iron (GI), by using fill and dump method. Low pH increased lead and iron release from pipes. Lead and iron release decreased as pH and alkalinity increased. Lead and iron release increased with increasing chloride to sulfate mass ratio in all pipes EDTA : was used as an example of natural organic matter which may be influence metals release. It is found that lead and iron release increased then this release decreased with time. In general, GI pipes showed to be the most effected by water quality parameters tested and the highest iron release. PVC pipes are the most lead releasing pipes while PP pipes are the least releasing.

Publication: J. Hazard. Mater. 2008 Dec 30 ;160(2-3)::675-80. :doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.03.040.
Publication Date: 2008 Dec 30
Study Author(s): Lasheen, M R;Sharaby, C M;El-Kholy, N G;Elsherif, I Y;El-Wakeel, S T;
Institution: Water Pollution Research Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, 33- El-Buhous Street, Dokki, Cairo,12311, Egypt. Street, Dokki, Cairo, 12311, Egypt. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
The major objective of this study is to assess the effect of stagnation time, pipe age, pipes material and water quality parameters such as pH, alkalinity and chloride to sulfate mass ratio on lead and iron release from different types of water pipes used in Egypt namely polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP) and galvanized iron (GI), by using fill and dump method. Low pH increased lead and iron release from pipes. Lead and iron release decreased as pH and alkalinity increased. Lead and iron release increased with increasing chloride to sulfate mass ratio in all pipes EDTA : was used as an example of natural organic matter which may be influence metals release. It is found that lead and iron release increased then this release decreased with time. In general, GI pipes showed to be the most effected by water quality parameters tested and the highest iron release. PVC pipes are the most lead releasing pipes while PP pipes are the least releasing.
PMID: 18436372

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