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char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 8;code = 56
char = .;code = 46
char = 2;code = 50
char = B;code = 66
char = q;code = 113
char = /;code = 47
char = k;code = 107
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 9;code = 57
char = B;code = 66
char = q;code = 113
char = /;code = 47
char = k;code = 107
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = t;code = 116
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = );code = 41
char = P;code = 80
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = 8;code = 56
char = .;code = 46
char = 7;code = 55
char = B;code = 66
char = q;code = 113
char = /;code = 47
char = k;code = 107
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = .;code = 46
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = 2;code = 50
char = .;code = 46
char = 6;code = 54
char = B;code = 66
char = q;code = 113
char = /;code = 47
char = k;code = 107
char = g;code = 103
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = );code = 41
char = P;code = 80
char = b;code = 98
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 3;code = 51
char = .;code = 46
char = 8;code = 56
char = 8;code = 56
char = B;code = 66
char = q;code = 113
char = /;code = 47
char = k;code = 107
char = g;code = 103
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = );code = 41
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = P;code = 80
char = O;code = 79
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = 2;code = 50
char = 6;code = 54
char = );code = 41
char = R;code = 82
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = e;code = 101
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
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char = e;code = 101
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char = h;code = 104
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char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
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char = t;code = 116
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char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
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char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 8;code = 56
char = .;code = 46
char = 8;code = 56
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = );code = 41
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = P;code = 80
char = O;code = 79
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = );code = 41
char = P;code = 80
char = b;code = 98
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 9;code = 57
char = .;code = 46
char = 9;code = 57
char = 7;code = 55
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
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char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 8;code = 56
char = 5;code = 53
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = );code = 41
char = P;code = 80
char = o;code = 111
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char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = );code = 41
char = P;code = 80
char = b;code = 98
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
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char = s;code = 115
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result sql = Activity concentration levels and ratios of (226)Ra, (210)Pb and (210)Po are presented in multicellular marine algae, molluscs, coral as well as in surface marine sediments collected from the shallower waters of the fringing reefs area extending towards north and south (Flamingo bay) of PortSudan harbour, Sudan. The analyses were performed adopting alpha-spectrometry, liquid scintillation and Cerenkov counting techniques. Surface sediments from this coastal region are poor in their radioactivity content in contrast to similar data reported from different coastal areas around the globe. There is surface enrichment of (210)Pb and (210)Po with respect to their progenitor (226)Ra as it is evident from the activity ratios of (210)Pb/(226)Ra (3.03+/-1.79) and (210)Po/(226)Ra (2.23+/-1.56). Among marine plants and animals investigated, the green algae species, Halimeda, and coral species, Favites, show substantial concentration of radium at 8.2Bq/kg and 21.9Bq/kg dry weight, respectively. Similarly, the highest concentration of (210)Po was met in Favites at 38.7Bq/kg followed by brown algae, Cystoseria sp., at 32.6Bq/kg. There is no variation seen among algal species for (210)Pb uptake, however, converse to radium and polonium, Favites (coral) was found to contain the minimum concentration of lead (3.88Bq/kg). In most species there is preferential accumulation of polonium over its parent radium as indicated by (210)PO: (226)Ra activity ratio with Cystoseria (brown algae) showing the highest value at 8.81. On the other hand, (210)PO: (210)Pb activity concentration ratio revealed that coral species Favites (9.97) and the brown algae Sargassum (1.85) have a greater tendency to accumulate (210)Po over (210)Pb, while in the rest of species; this ratio is less than unity.
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char = t;code = 116
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char = S;code = 83
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char = .;code = 46
result sql = Distribution of (226)Ra-(210)Pb-(210)Po in marine biota and surface sediments of the Red Sea, Sudan.
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char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = );code = 41
char = P;code = 80
char = b;code = 98
char = /;code = 47
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = 2;code = 50
char = 6;code = 54
char = );code = 41
char = R;code = 82
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 3;code = 51
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 3;code = 51
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 7;code = 55
char = 9;code = 57
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = );code = 41
char = P;code = 80
char = o;code = 111
char = /;code = 47
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = 2;code = 50
char = 6;code = 54
char = );code = 41
char = R;code = 82
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = .;code = 46
char = 2;code = 50
char = 3;code = 51
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = 6;code = 54
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 8;code = 56
char = .;code = 46
char = 2;code = 50
char = B;code = 66
char = q;code = 113
char = /;code = 47
char = k;code = 107
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 9;code = 57
char = B;code = 66
char = q;code = 113
char = /;code = 47
char = k;code = 107
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = t;code = 116
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = );code = 41
char = P;code = 80
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = 8;code = 56
char = .;code = 46
char = 7;code = 55
char = B;code = 66
char = q;code = 113
char = /;code = 47
char = k;code = 107
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = .;code = 46
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = 2;code = 50
char = .;code = 46
char = 6;code = 54
char = B;code = 66
char = q;code = 113
char = /;code = 47
char = k;code = 107
char = g;code = 103
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = );code = 41
char = P;code = 80
char = b;code = 98
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 3;code = 51
char = .;code = 46
char = 8;code = 56
char = 8;code = 56
char = B;code = 66
char = q;code = 113
char = /;code = 47
char = k;code = 107
char = g;code = 103
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
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char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
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char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
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char = r;code = 114
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char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
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char = d;code = 100
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
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char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = );code = 41
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = P;code = 80
char = O;code = 79
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = 2;code = 50
char = 6;code = 54
char = );code = 41
char = R;code = 82
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
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char = t;code = 116
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
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char = (;code = 40
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = n;code = 110
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = g;code = 103
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char = e;code = 101
char = );code = 41
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char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
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char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
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char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 8;code = 56
char = .;code = 46
char = 8;code = 56
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
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char = O;code = 79
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = );code = 41
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = P;code = 80
char = O;code = 79
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = );code = 41
char = P;code = 80
char = b;code = 98
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = c;code = 99
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char = n;code = 110
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
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result sql = Activity concentration levels and ratios of (226)Ra, (210)Pb and (210)Po are presented in multicellular marine algae, molluscs, coral as well as in surface marine sediments collected from the shallower waters of the fringing reefs area extending towards north and south (Flamingo bay) of PortSudan harbour, Sudan. The analyses were performed adopting alpha-spectrometry, liquid scintillation and Cerenkov counting techniques. Surface sediments from this coastal region are poor in their radioactivity content in contrast to similar data reported from different coastal areas around the globe. There is surface enrichment of (210)Pb and (210)Po with respect to their progenitor (226)Ra as it is evident from the activity ratios of (210)Pb/(226)Ra (3.03+/-1.79) and (210)Po/(226)Ra (2.23+/-1.56). Among marine plants and animals investigated, the green algae species, Halimeda, and coral species, Favites, show substantial concentration of radium at 8.2Bq/kg and 21.9Bq/kg dry weight, respectively. Similarly, the highest concentration of (210)Po was met in Favites at 38.7Bq/kg followed by brown algae, Cystoseria sp., at 32.6Bq/kg. There is no variation seen among algal species for (210)Pb uptake, however, converse to radium and polonium, Favites (coral) was found to contain the minimum concentration of lead (3.88Bq/kg). In most species there is preferential accumulation of polonium over its parent radium as indicated by (210)PO: (226)Ra activity ratio with Cystoseria (brown algae) showing the highest value at 8.81. On the other hand, (210)PO: (210)Pb activity concentration ratio revealed that coral species Favites (9.97) and the brown algae Sargassum (1.85) have a greater tendency to accumulate (210)Po over (210)Pb, while in the rest of species; this ratio is less than unity.
Publication: J Environ Radioact 2008 Dec ;99(12)::1825-8. :doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2008.07.008.
Publication Date: 2008 Dec
Study Author(s): Sirelkhatim, D A;Sam, A K;Hassona, R K;
Institution: Sudan Atomic Energy Commission, Environmental Monitoring, Khartoum, Sudan. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2008 Dec
Study Author(s): Sirelkhatim, D A;Sam, A K;Hassona, R K;
Institution: Sudan Atomic Energy Commission, Environmental Monitoring, Khartoum, Sudan. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
Activity concentration levels and ratios of (226)Ra, (210)Pb and (210)Po are presented in multicellular marine algae, molluscs, coral as well as in surface marine sediments collected from the shallower waters of the fringing reefs area extending towards north and south (Flamingo bay) of PortSudan harbour, Sudan. The analyses were performed adopting alpha-spectrometry, liquid scintillation and Cerenkov counting techniques. Surface sediments from this coastal region are poor in their radioactivity content in contrast to similar data reported from different coastal areas around the globe. There is surface enrichment of (210)Pb and (210)Po with respect to their progenitor (226)Ra as it is evident from the activity ratios of (210)Pb/(226)Ra (3.03+/-1.79) and (210)Po/(226)Ra (2.23+/-1.56). Among marine plants and animals investigated, the green algae species, Halimeda, and coral species, Favites, show substantial concentration of radium at 8.2Bq/kg and 21.9Bq/kg dry weight, respectively. Similarly, the highest concentration of (210)Po was met in Favites at 38.7Bq/kg followed by brown algae, Cystoseria sp., at 32.6Bq/kg. There is no variation seen among algal species for (210)Pb uptake, however, converse to radium and polonium, Favites (coral) was found to contain the minimum concentration of lead (3.88Bq/kg). In most species there is preferential accumulation of polonium over its parent radium as indicated by (210)PO: (226)Ra activity ratio with Cystoseria (brown algae) showing the highest value at 8.81. On the other hand, (210)PO: (210)Pb activity concentration ratio revealed that coral species Favites (9.97) and the brown algae Sargassum (1.85) have a greater tendency to accumulate (210)Po over (210)Pb, while in the rest of species; this ratio is less than unity.
PMID: 18774629
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