|
|
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
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char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = i;code = 105
char = O;code = 79
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char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
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char = S;code = 83
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char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = m;code = 109
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
result sql = In situ coating of flame-made TiO2 particles with nanothin SiO2 films.
In situ coating of flame-made TiO2 particles with nanothin SiO2 films.char = R;code = 82
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = T;code = 84
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char = O;code = 79
char = 2;code = 50
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char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
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char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = y;code = 121
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
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char = F;code = 70
char = S;code = 83
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char = );code = 41
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char = w;code = 119
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char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
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char = O;code = 79
char = 2;code = 50
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char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = H;code = 72
char = M;code = 77
char = D;code = 68
char = S;code = 83
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char = );code = 41
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char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
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char = (;code = 40
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = i;code = 105
char = O;code = 79
char = 2;code = 50
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = j;code = 106
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = -;code = 45
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = l;code = 108
char = -;code = 45
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = i;code = 105
char = O;code = 79
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = S;code = 83
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = -;code = 45
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = x;code = 120
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = -;code = 45
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
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char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
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char = n;code = 110
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char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
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char = m;code = 109
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char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
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char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
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char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
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char = c;code = 99
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
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char = S;code = 83
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char = E;code = 69
char = M;code = 77
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
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char = X;code = 88
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = f;code = 102
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char = n;code = 110
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char = D;code = 68
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char = i;code = 105
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char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
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char = D;code = 68
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = F;code = 70
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char = d;code = 100
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char = (;code = 40
char = F;code = 70
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char = d;code = 100
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char = f;code = 102
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char = r;code = 114
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char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
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char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
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char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = y;code = 121
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
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char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
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char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
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char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = x;code = 120
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = i;code = 105
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char = A;code = 65
char = l;code = 108
char = /;code = 47
char = T;code = 84
char = i;code = 105
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
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char = c;code = 99
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char = s;code = 115
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char = b;code = 98
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
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char = n;code = 110
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char = (;code = 40
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char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
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char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
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char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
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char = x;code = 120
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char = d;code = 100
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char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
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char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = c;code = 99
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char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
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char = >;code = 62
result sql = Rutile TiO2 particles made by flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) were coated in a single step with SiO2 layers in an enclosed flame reactor. This in situ particle coating was accomplished by a hollow ring delivering hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) vapor (precursor to SiO2) through multiple jets in swirl cross-flow to Al-doped nanostructured rutile TiO2 aerosol freshly made by FSP of a solution of titanium tetraisopropoxide and aluminum sec-butoxide in xylene. The as-prepared powders were characterized by (scanning) transmission electron microscopy (STEM and TEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, electrophoretic mobility, DC plasma optical emission (DCP-OES), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The coating quality was assessed further by the photocatalytic oxidation of isopropyl alcohol to acetone. The effect of HMDSO injection point and vapor concentration on product particle morphology was investigated. The titania particles were uniformly SiO2-coated with controlled and uniform thickness at a production rate of about 30 g h(-1) and exhibited limited, if any, photoactivity. In contrast, spraying and combusting equivalent mixtures of the above Si/Al/Ti precursors in the above reactor (without delivering HMDSO through the hollow ring) resulted in particles segregated in amorphous (SiO2) and crystalline (TiO2) domains which exhibited high photocatalytic activity.
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char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = i;code = 105
char = O;code = 79
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
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char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = i;code = 105
char = O;code = 79
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char = f;code = 102
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char = l;code = 108
char = m;code = 109
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
result sql = In situ coating of flame-made TiO2 particles with nanothin SiO2 films.
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char = (;code = 40
char = H;code = 72
char = M;code = 77
char = D;code = 68
char = S;code = 83
char = O;code = 79
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = i;code = 105
char = O;code = 79
char = 2;code = 50
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = j;code = 106
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = -;code = 45
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = l;code = 108
char = -;code = 45
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = i;code = 105
char = O;code = 79
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = S;code = 83
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = -;code = 45
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = x;code = 120
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = -;code = 45
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = E;code = 69
char = M;code = 77
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = E;code = 69
char = M;code = 77
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = g;code = 103
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = X;code = 88
char = -;code = 45
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = X;code = 88
char = -;code = 45
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = D;code = 68
char = C;code = 67
char = P;code = 80
char = -;code = 45
char = O;code = 79
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = F;code = 70
char = T;code = 84
char = -;code = 45
char = I;code = 73
char = R;code = 82
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = M;code = 77
char = D;code = 68
char = S;code = 83
char = O;code = 79
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = j;code = 106
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = i;code = 105
char = O;code = 79
char = 2;code = 50
char = -;code = 45
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = (;code = 40
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = y;code = 121
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
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result sql = Rutile TiO2 particles made by flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) were coated in a single step with SiO2 layers in an enclosed flame reactor. This in situ particle coating was accomplished by a hollow ring delivering hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) vapor (precursor to SiO2) through multiple jets in swirl cross-flow to Al-doped nanostructured rutile TiO2 aerosol freshly made by FSP of a solution of titanium tetraisopropoxide and aluminum sec-butoxide in xylene. The as-prepared powders were characterized by (scanning) transmission electron microscopy (STEM and TEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, electrophoretic mobility, DC plasma optical emission (DCP-OES), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The coating quality was assessed further by the photocatalytic oxidation of isopropyl alcohol to acetone. The effect of HMDSO injection point and vapor concentration on product particle morphology was investigated. The titania particles were uniformly SiO2-coated with controlled and uniform thickness at a production rate of about 30 g h(-1) and exhibited limited, if any, photoactivity. In contrast, spraying and combusting equivalent mixtures of the above Si/Al/Ti precursors in the above reactor (without delivering HMDSO through the hollow ring) resulted in particles segregated in amorphous (SiO2) and crystalline (TiO2) domains which exhibited high photocatalytic activity.
Publication: Langmuir 2008 Nov 4 ;24(21)::12553-8. :doi: 10.1021/la801630z.
Publication Date: 2008 Nov 4
Study Author(s): Teleki, Alexandra;Heine, Martin C;Krumeich, Frank;Akhtar, M Kamal;Pratsinis, Sotiris E;
Institution: Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, and Electron Microscopy Center (EMEZ), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2008 Nov 4
Study Author(s): Teleki, Alexandra;Heine, Martin C;Krumeich, Frank;Akhtar, M Kamal;Pratsinis, Sotiris E;
Institution: Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, and Electron Microscopy Center (EMEZ), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
Shortcut link to this study:
Rutile TiO2 particles made by flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) were coated in a single step with SiO2 layers in an enclosed flame reactor. This in situ particle coating was accomplished by a hollow ring delivering hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) vapor (precursor to SiO2) through multiple jets in swirl cross-flow to Al-doped nanostructured rutile TiO2 aerosol freshly made by FSP of a solution of titanium tetraisopropoxide and aluminum sec-butoxide in xylene. The as-prepared powders were characterized by (scanning) transmission electron microscopy (STEM and TEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, electrophoretic mobility, DC plasma optical emission (DCP-OES), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The coating quality was assessed further by the photocatalytic oxidation of isopropyl alcohol to acetone. The effect of HMDSO injection point and vapor concentration on product particle morphology was investigated. The titania particles were uniformly SiO2-coated with controlled and uniform thickness at a production rate of about 30 g h(-1) and exhibited limited, if any, photoactivity. In contrast, spraying and combusting equivalent mixtures of the above Si/Al/Ti precursors in the above reactor (without delivering HMDSO through the hollow ring) resulted in particles segregated in amorphous (SiO2) and crystalline (TiO2) domains which exhibited high photocatalytic activity.
PMID: 18850688
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