|
|
char = H;code = 72
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Hyperosmolar coma due to exclusive glucose accumulation: recognition and computations.
Hyperosmolar coma due to exclusive glucose accumulation: recognition and computations.char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = A;code = 65
char = I;code = 73
char = M;code = 77
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = T;code = 84
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = H;code = 72
char = C;code = 67
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = N;code = 78
char = a;code = 97
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = I;code = 73
char = C;code = 67
char = T;code = 84
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = (;code = 40
char = G;code = 71
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = M;code = 77
char = /;code = 47
char = L;code = 76
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = G;code = 71
char = (;code = 40
char = A;code = 65
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = M;code = 77
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = E;code = 69
char = C;code = 67
char = V;code = 86
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = N;code = 78
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = (;code = 40
char = A;code = 65
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = D;code = 68
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = V;code = 86
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = D;code = 68
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = N;code = 78
char = a;code = 97
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = M;code = 77
char = E;code = 69
char = T;code = 84
char = H;code = 72
char = O;code = 79
char = D;code = 68
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 0;code = 48
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = C;code = 67
char = ,;code = 44
char = D;code = 68
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = P;code = 80
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = =;code = 61
char = P;code = 80
char = (;code = 40
char = G;code = 71
char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = x;code = 120
char = E;code = 69
char = C;code = 67
char = V;code = 86
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = (;code = 40
char = A;code = 65
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = (;code = 40
char = A;code = 65
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = V;code = 86
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = N;code = 78
char = a;code = 97
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = I;code = 73
char = C;code = 67
char = T;code = 84
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = k;code = 107
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = (;code = 40
char = A;code = 65
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = k;code = 107
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = V;code = 86
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = N;code = 78
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
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char = i;code = 105
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char = s;code = 115
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char = P;code = 80
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char = a;code = 97
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char = 1;code = 49
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char = G;code = 71
char = 1;code = 49
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char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
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char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
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char = o;code = 111
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char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
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char = r;code = 114
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char = c;code = 99
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char = z;code = 122
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = w;code = 119
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
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char = c;code = 99
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
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char = D;code = 68
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = N;code = 78
char = a;code = 97
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
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char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
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char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = A;code = 65
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char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = V;code = 86
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = N;code = 78
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = I;code = 73
char = C;code = 67
char = T;code = 84
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
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char = P;code = 80
char = N;code = 78
char = a;code = 97
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char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
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char = G;code = 71
char = 1;code = 49
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char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = y;code = 121
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char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
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char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = g;code = 103
char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = m;code = 109
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = 6;code = 54
char = 8;code = 56
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char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = C;code = 67
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
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char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
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char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
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char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
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char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = l;code = 108
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char = A;code = 65
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char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = e;code = 101
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char = P;code = 80
char = N;code = 78
char = a;code = 97
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char = P;code = 80
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = I;code = 73
char = C;code = 67
char = T;code = 84
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char = D;code = 68
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char = a;code = 97
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char = r;code = 114
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char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = c;code = 99
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char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
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char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
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char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
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char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = 6;code = 54
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char = p;code = 112
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char = i;code = 105
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char = s;code = 115
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char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
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char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = 3;code = 51
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char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
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char = l;code = 108
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char = b;code = 98
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char = y;code = 121
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char = f;code = 102
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char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = G;code = 71
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char = A;code = 65
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
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char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
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char = e;code = 101
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char = b;code = 98
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char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
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char = d;code = 100
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char = a;code = 97
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char = R;code = 82
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char = 2;code = 50
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char = ;code = 32
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char = ;code = 32
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char = P;code = 80
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char = <;code = 60
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char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
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char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
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char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
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char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
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char = C;code = 67
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = C;code = 67
char = L;code = 76
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
char = I;code = 73
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
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char = <;code = 60
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char = b;code = 98
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char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = H;code = 72
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
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char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
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char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
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char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = N;code = 78
char = a;code = 97
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char = P;code = 80
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = I;code = 73
char = C;code = 67
char = T;code = 84
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = .;code = 46
result sql = AIM : To avoid electrolyte derangements during correction of hyperosmolar coma (HC), PNa(PREDICTED) at the end of correction is presently estimated from plasma glucose (P(G), mM/L). When the rise in plasma osmolality (Posm) is entirely due to glucose addition (G(A), mM) to the extracellular volume (ECV), this PNa prediction can be improved by correctly estimating G(A) and any associated water loss (DeltaV), while excluding any concomitant Na loss (DeltaNa).
METHODS : Indicating with (0) the normal conditions, with (1) the HC,DeltaPosm=P(G1)xECV1 establishes an exclusive G(A) accumulation. We derived the equations for computing G(A), DeltaV and PNa(PREDICTED). Computer simulations of HC were performed by adding the known G(A) while subtracting the known DeltaV and DeltaNa in different combinations, obtaining exact values of PNa(1) and P(G1). Applying our formulas, we recognized and discarded all cases with concomitant DeltaNa, and we computed G(A), DeltaV and PNa (PREDICTED) from PNa(1) and P(G1), as if they had been measured in patients. We extended these same calculation algorithms to 68 patients with HC.
RESULTS : In computer simulations, true and calculated G(A), DeltaV and PNa(PREDICTED) were identical, such that regression and correlation coefficients were 1 (P < 0.0001). Out of the 68 patients recruited, 13 fulfilled the boundary conditions of an exclusive G(A) addition. The true values, obtained by balance studies performed on these patients, were not different from and significantly correlated with the calculated data (R(2) = 0.99, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION : Our new model system for HC and the new formulas improve to near exactness the accuracy in estimating PNa(PREDICTED), helping the physician to avoid unwanted electrolyte derangements during treatment.
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Hyperosmolar coma due to exclusive glucose accumulation: recognition and computations.
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char = >;code = 62
char = A;code = 65
char = I;code = 73
char = M;code = 77
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = T;code = 84
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
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char = C;code = 67
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = I;code = 73
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char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
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char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
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char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = (;code = 40
char = G;code = 71
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = W;code = 87
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char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
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char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
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char = m;code = 109
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = o;code = 111
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char = m;code = 109
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char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
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char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
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char = d;code = 100
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = G;code = 71
char = (;code = 40
char = A;code = 65
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = M;code = 77
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
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char = l;code = 108
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char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
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char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
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char = P;code = 80
char = N;code = 78
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = c;code = 99
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char = d;code = 100
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char = s;code = 115
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char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
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char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
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char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
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char = N;code = 78
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char = b;code = 98
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char = ;code = 32
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char = i;code = 105
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char = n;code = 110
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char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = d;code = 100
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char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = k;code = 107
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
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char = A;code = 65
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = k;code = 107
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = V;code = 86
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = N;code = 78
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
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char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = N;code = 78
char = a;code = 97
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char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = (;code = 40
char = G;code = 71
char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = N;code = 78
char = a;code = 97
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = (;code = 40
char = A;code = 65
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = V;code = 86
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = N;code = 78
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = I;code = 73
char = C;code = 67
char = T;code = 84
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = N;code = 78
char = a;code = 97
char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = (;code = 40
char = G;code = 71
char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = g;code = 103
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = m;code = 109
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = 6;code = 54
char = 8;code = 56
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = C;code = 67
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
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char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
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char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = (;code = 40
char = A;code = 65
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = V;code = 86
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = N;code = 78
char = a;code = 97
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = I;code = 73
char = C;code = 67
char = T;code = 84
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
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char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = 6;code = 54
char = 8;code = 56
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
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char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 3;code = 51
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char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
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char = b;code = 98
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
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char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = G;code = 71
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char = A;code = 65
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = t;code = 116
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char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = b;code = 98
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char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
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char = f;code = 102
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char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = t;code = 116
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char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
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char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = (;code = 40
char = R;code = 82
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 9;code = 57
char = 9;code = 57
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = C;code = 67
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result sql = AIM : To avoid electrolyte derangements during correction of hyperosmolar coma (HC), PNa(PREDICTED) at the end of correction is presently estimated from plasma glucose (P(G), mM/L). When the rise in plasma osmolality (Posm) is entirely due to glucose addition (G(A), mM) to the extracellular volume (ECV), this PNa prediction can be improved by correctly estimating G(A) and any associated water loss (DeltaV), while excluding any concomitant Na loss (DeltaNa).
METHODS : Indicating with (0) the normal conditions, with (1) the HC,DeltaPosm=P(G1)xECV1 establishes an exclusive G(A) accumulation. We derived the equations for computing G(A), DeltaV and PNa(PREDICTED). Computer simulations of HC were performed by adding the known G(A) while subtracting the known DeltaV and DeltaNa in different combinations, obtaining exact values of PNa(1) and P(G1). Applying our formulas, we recognized and discarded all cases with concomitant DeltaNa, and we computed G(A), DeltaV and PNa (PREDICTED) from PNa(1) and P(G1), as if they had been measured in patients. We extended these same calculation algorithms to 68 patients with HC.
RESULTS : In computer simulations, true and calculated G(A), DeltaV and PNa(PREDICTED) were identical, such that regression and correlation coefficients were 1 (P < 0.0001). Out of the 68 patients recruited, 13 fulfilled the boundary conditions of an exclusive G(A) addition. The true values, obtained by balance studies performed on these patients, were not different from and significantly correlated with the calculated data (R(2) = 0.99, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION : Our new model system for HC and the new formulas improve to near exactness the accuracy in estimating PNa(PREDICTED), helping the physician to avoid unwanted electrolyte derangements during treatment.
Publication: Nephrology (Carlton) 2009 Apr ;14(3)::338-44. :doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2008.01054.x.
Publication Date: 2009 Apr
Study Author(s): Bartoli, Ettore;Sainaghi, Pier Paolo;Bergamasco, Luca;Castello, Luigi;
Institution: Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara, Italy.
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2009 Apr
Study Author(s): Bartoli, Ettore;Sainaghi, Pier Paolo;Bergamasco, Luca;Castello, Luigi;
Institution: Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara, Italy.
Shortcut link to this study:
AIM : To avoid electrolyte derangements during correction of hyperosmolar coma (HC), PNa(PREDICTED) at the end of correction is presently estimated from plasma glucose (P(G), mM/L). When the rise in plasma osmolality (Posm) is entirely due to glucose addition (G(A), mM) to the extracellular volume (ECV), this PNa prediction can be improved by correctly estimating G(A) and any associated water loss (DeltaV), while excluding any concomitant Na loss (DeltaNa).
METHODS : Indicating with (0) the normal conditions, with (1) the HC,DeltaPosm=P(G1)xECV1 establishes an exclusive G(A) accumulation. We derived the equations for computing G(A), DeltaV and PNa(PREDICTED). Computer simulations of HC were performed by adding the known G(A) while subtracting the known DeltaV and DeltaNa in different combinations, obtaining exact values of PNa(1) and P(G1). Applying our formulas, we recognized and discarded all cases with concomitant DeltaNa, and we computed G(A), DeltaV and PNa (PREDICTED) from PNa(1) and P(G1), as if they had been measured in patients. We extended these same calculation algorithms to 68 patients with HC.
RESULTS : In computer simulations, true and calculated G(A), DeltaV and PNa(PREDICTED) were identical, such that regression and correlation coefficients were 1 (P < 0.0001). Out of the 68 patients recruited, 13 fulfilled the boundary conditions of an exclusive G(A) addition. The true values, obtained by balance studies performed on these patients, were not different from and significantly correlated with the calculated data (R(2) = 0.99, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION : Our new model system for HC and the new formulas improve to near exactness the accuracy in estimating PNa(PREDICTED), helping the physician to avoid unwanted electrolyte derangements during treatment.
METHODS : Indicating with (0) the normal conditions, with (1) the HC,DeltaPosm=P(G1)xECV1 establishes an exclusive G(A) accumulation. We derived the equations for computing G(A), DeltaV and PNa(PREDICTED). Computer simulations of HC were performed by adding the known G(A) while subtracting the known DeltaV and DeltaNa in different combinations, obtaining exact values of PNa(1) and P(G1). Applying our formulas, we recognized and discarded all cases with concomitant DeltaNa, and we computed G(A), DeltaV and PNa (PREDICTED) from PNa(1) and P(G1), as if they had been measured in patients. We extended these same calculation algorithms to 68 patients with HC.
RESULTS : In computer simulations, true and calculated G(A), DeltaV and PNa(PREDICTED) were identical, such that regression and correlation coefficients were 1 (P < 0.0001). Out of the 68 patients recruited, 13 fulfilled the boundary conditions of an exclusive G(A) addition. The true values, obtained by balance studies performed on these patients, were not different from and significantly correlated with the calculated data (R(2) = 0.99, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION : Our new model system for HC and the new formulas improve to near exactness the accuracy in estimating PNa(PREDICTED), helping the physician to avoid unwanted electrolyte derangements during treatment.
PMID: 19178646
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