char = H;code = 72 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = f;code = 102 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = .;code = 46 result sql = How I manage mitral stenosis in the neonate and infant.
How I manage mitral stenosis in the neonate and infant.char = C;code = 67 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = b;code = 98 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = B;code = 66 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = v;code = 118 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = b;code = 98 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = e;code = 101 char = w;code = 119 char = b;code = 98 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = n;code = 110 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = q;code = 113 char = u;code = 117 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = -;code = 45 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = B;code = 66 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 result sql = Congenital mitral valve stenosis is rare. Intervention is indicated in the most severe cases only and is determined by the site and mechanism of valvar obstruction. Correction of mitral valve stenosis is attempted in order to improve mitral valve function and delay replacement as early valve replacement is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Balloon valvuloplasty can be used for isolated mitral valve lesions. In cases of associated left heart lesions such as aortic stenosis or left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, early palliation with single ventricle repair is performed. Newborn mitral valve replacement in the supraannular position remains the last option and typically requires re-replacement. Below we discuss our preferred management strategies for congenital mitral valve stenosis.
Publication: Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu 2009 ;:87-93. :doi: 10.1053/j.pcsu.2009.02.002.
Publication Date: 2009
Study Author(s): Fuller, Stephanie;Spray, Thomas L;
Institution: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
[email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
Congenital mitral valve stenosis is rare. Intervention is indicated in the most severe cases only and is determined by the site and mechanism of valvar obstruction. Correction of mitral valve stenosis is attempted in order to improve mitral valve function and delay replacement as early valve replacement is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Balloon valvuloplasty can be used for isolated mitral valve lesions. In cases of associated left heart lesions such as aortic stenosis or left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, early palliation with single ventricle repair is performed. Newborn mitral valve replacement in the supraannular position remains the last option and typically requires re-replacement. Below we discuss our preferred management strategies for congenital mitral valve stenosis.