char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = -;code = 45
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = 3;code = 51
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
result sql = The arginine catabolic mobile element is not associated with enhanced virulence in experimental invasive disease caused by the community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 genetic background.
The arginine catabolic mobile element is not associated with enhanced virulence in experimental invasive disease caused by the community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 genetic background.
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = 3;code = 51
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = -;code = 45
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = );code = 41
char = -;code = 45
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = C;code = 67
char = A;code = 65
char = -;code = 45
char = M;code = 77
char = R;code = 82
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = U;code = 85
char = .;code = 46
char = S;code = 83
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = A;code = 65
char = C;code = 67
char = M;code = 77
char = E;code = 69
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = 3;code = 51
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = A;code = 65
char = -;code = 45
char = M;code = 77
char = R;code = 82
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = 3;code = 51
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = C;code = 67
char = M;code = 77
char = E;code = 69
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = 3;code = 51
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = -;code = 45
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = /;code = 47
char = A;code = 65
char = C;code = 67
char = M;code = 77
char = E;code = 69
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = A;code = 65
char = -;code = 45
char = M;code = 77
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char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = 3;code = 51
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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result sql = USA300 has become the predominant community-associated methicillin (meticillin)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) genetic background in most U.S. communities. The reasons for the dominance of this genetic background are unclear, but the presence of the recently identified arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) in the USA300 genome has been advocated as one possibility CA-MRSA : clinical isolates (USA300) differing in the presence or absence of ACME and a USA300 wild-type/ACME deletion mutant pair were analyzed for in vitro expression of global regulatory genes and production of virulence factors. The virulence of these isolates was compared in rodent models of necrotizing pneumonia and skin infection. There was no significant difference in the expression of selected genes mediating virulence (hla, lukSF-PV, agr, saeRS) among the isolates tested, regardless of the presence of ACME. There was a higher abundance of alpha-hemolysin in culture supernatants among ACME-positive isolates than among ACME-negative isolates, but there was no significant difference in the levels of protein A. The presence of ACME was not associated with increased virulence in a rat model of necrotizing pneumonia, as assessed by mortality, in vivo bacterial survival, and severity of lung pathology. Nor was the presence of ACME associated with increased dermonecrosis in a model of skin infection. We conclude that ACME is not necessary for virulence in rodent models of CA-MRSA USA300 pneumonia or skin infection.

Publication: Infect. Immun. 2009 Jul ;77(7)::2650-6. :doi: 10.1128/IAI.00256-09.
Publication Date: 2009 Jul
Study Author(s): Montgomery, Christopher P;Boyle-Vavra, Susan;Daum, Robert S;
Institution: Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
USA300 has become the predominant community-associated methicillin (meticillin)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) genetic background in most U.S. communities. The reasons for the dominance of this genetic background are unclear, but the presence of the recently identified arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) in the USA300 genome has been advocated as one possibility CA-MRSA : clinical isolates (USA300) differing in the presence or absence of ACME and a USA300 wild-type/ACME deletion mutant pair were analyzed for in vitro expression of global regulatory genes and production of virulence factors. The virulence of these isolates was compared in rodent models of necrotizing pneumonia and skin infection. There was no significant difference in the expression of selected genes mediating virulence (hla, lukSF-PV, agr, saeRS) among the isolates tested, regardless of the presence of ACME. There was a higher abundance of alpha-hemolysin in culture supernatants among ACME-positive isolates than among ACME-negative isolates, but there was no significant difference in the levels of protein A. The presence of ACME was not associated with increased virulence in a rat model of necrotizing pneumonia, as assessed by mortality, in vivo bacterial survival, and severity of lung pathology. Nor was the presence of ACME associated with increased dermonecrosis in a model of skin infection. We conclude that ACME is not necessary for virulence in rodent models of CA-MRSA USA300 pneumonia or skin infection.
PMID: 19380473

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