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result sql = Emission of CO2 and N2O from soil cultivated with common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) fertilized with different N sources.
Emission of CO2 and N2O from soil cultivated with common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) fertilized with different N sources.
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char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = t;code = 116
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char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
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char = l;code = 108
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char = i;code = 105
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char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = E;code = 69
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
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char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
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char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
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char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = n;code = 110
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char = .;code = 46
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char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = N;code = 78
char = O;code = 79
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char = 3;code = 51
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char = (;code = 40
char = -;code = 45
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char = w;code = 119
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char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
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char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
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char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
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char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
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char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = O;code = 79
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char = 2;code = 50
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
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char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = 7;code = 55
char = 5;code = 53
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = k;code = 107
char = g;code = 103
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char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = y;code = 121
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char = 1;code = 49
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char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
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char = u;code = 117
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char = a;code = 97
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char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
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char = 4;code = 52
char = 0;code = 48
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char = C;code = 67
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char = a;code = 97
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char = -;code = 45
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char = y;code = 121
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char = -;code = 45
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char = t;code = 116
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char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = 8;code = 56
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char = k;code = 107
char = g;code = 103
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char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = y;code = 121
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
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char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
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char = O;code = 79
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char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
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char = 9;code = 57
char = 2;code = 50
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char = g;code = 103
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char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
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char = 5;code = 53
char = 5;code = 53
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char = g;code = 103
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char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
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char = g;code = 103
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = b;code = 98
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char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
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char = y;code = 121
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char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 3;code = 51
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char = k;code = 107
char = g;code = 103
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char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = (;code = 40
char = -;code = 45
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char = s;code = 115
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char = T;code = 84
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
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char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = O;code = 79
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
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char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
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char = a;code = 97
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char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
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char = e;code = 101
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char = z;code = 122
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char = d;code = 100
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char = h;code = 104
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char = C;code = 67
char = O;code = 79
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char = 2;code = 50
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = N;code = 78
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char = 2;code = 50
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char = O;code = 79
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char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
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char = a;code = 97
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char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = g;code = 103
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char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
result sql = Addition of different forms of nitrogen fertilizer to cultivated soil is known to affect carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and nitrous oxide (N(2)O) emissions. In this study, the effect of urea, wastewater sludge and vermicompost on emissions of CO(2) and N(2)O in soil cultivated with bean was investigated. Beans were cultivated in the greenhouse in three consecutive experiments, fertilized with or without wastewater sludge at two application rates (33 and 55 Mg fresh wastewater sludge ha(-1), i.e. 48 and 80 kg N ha(-1) considering a N mineralization rate of 40%), vermicompost derived from the wastewater sludge (212 Mg ha(-1), i.e. 80 kg N ha(-1)) or urea (170 kg ha(-1), i.e. 80 kg N ha(-1)), while pH, electrolytic conductivity (EC), inorganic nitrogen and CO(2) and N(2)O emissions were monitored. Vermicompost added to soil increased EC at onset of the experiment, but thereafter values were similar to the other treatments. Most of the NO(3)(-) was taken up by the plants, although some was leached from the upper to the lower soil layer. CO(2) emission was 375 C kg ha(-1) y(-1) in the unamended soil, 340 kg C ha(-1) y(-1) in the urea-amended soil and 839 kg ha(-1) y(-1) in the vermicompost-amended soil. N(2)O emission was 2.92 kg N ha(-1) y(-1) in soil amended with 55 Mg wastewater sludge ha(-1), but only 0.03 kg N ha(-1) y(-1) in the unamended soil. The emission of CO(2) was affected by the phenological stage of the plant while organic fertilizer increased the CO(2) and N(2)O emission, and the yield per plant. Environmental and economic implications must to be considered to decide how many, how often and what kind of organic fertilizer could be used to increase yields, while limiting soil deterioration and greenhouse gas emissions.

Publication: Sci. Total Environ. 2009 Jul 1 ;407(14)::4289-96. :doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.04.016.
Publication Date: 2009 Jul 1
Study Author(s): Fernández-Luqueño, F;Reyes-Varela, V;Martínez-Suárez, C;Reynoso-Keller, R E;Méndez-Bautista, J;Ruiz-Romero, E;López-Valdez, F;Luna-Guido, M L;Dendooven, L;
Institution: Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav, Mexico D.F, C.P. 07360, Mexico.
Shortcut link to this study:
Addition of different forms of nitrogen fertilizer to cultivated soil is known to affect carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and nitrous oxide (N(2)O) emissions. In this study, the effect of urea, wastewater sludge and vermicompost on emissions of CO(2) and N(2)O in soil cultivated with bean was investigated. Beans were cultivated in the greenhouse in three consecutive experiments, fertilized with or without wastewater sludge at two application rates (33 and 55 Mg fresh wastewater sludge ha(-1), i.e. 48 and 80 kg N ha(-1) considering a N mineralization rate of 40%), vermicompost derived from the wastewater sludge (212 Mg ha(-1), i.e. 80 kg N ha(-1)) or urea (170 kg ha(-1), i.e. 80 kg N ha(-1)), while pH, electrolytic conductivity (EC), inorganic nitrogen and CO(2) and N(2)O emissions were monitored. Vermicompost added to soil increased EC at onset of the experiment, but thereafter values were similar to the other treatments. Most of the NO(3)(-) was taken up by the plants, although some was leached from the upper to the lower soil layer. CO(2) emission was 375 C kg ha(-1) y(-1) in the unamended soil, 340 kg C ha(-1) y(-1) in the urea-amended soil and 839 kg ha(-1) y(-1) in the vermicompost-amended soil. N(2)O emission was 2.92 kg N ha(-1) y(-1) in soil amended with 55 Mg wastewater sludge ha(-1), but only 0.03 kg N ha(-1) y(-1) in the unamended soil. The emission of CO(2) was affected by the phenological stage of the plant while organic fertilizer increased the CO(2) and N(2)O emission, and the yield per plant. Environmental and economic implications must to be considered to decide how many, how often and what kind of organic fertilizer could be used to increase yields, while limiting soil deterioration and greenhouse gas emissions.
PMID: 19411092

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