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result sql = BACKGROUND : Arterial calcification is associated with cardiovascular (CV) disease, to be leading to vessel wall stiffness and causing the management of hemodynamics in the elderly more difficult. Here, we compared the extent of calcification in the aortic arch by reviewing chest X-rays to that in the abdominal aorta as assessed by more detailed examinations. In addition, the validity of the grading and the relationship of this useful grading to clinical risk factors were evaluated.
METHODS AND RESULTS : The extent of aortic arch calcification (AAC) on a postero-anterior plain chest X-ray was divided into four grades (0 to 3). First, AAC grade was assessed in patients who underwent two quantitative examinations for abdominal aortic calcification; lateral radiograph of lumbar spine and/or computer tomography, and was positively correlated with the abdominal aortic calcification level. Subsequently, AAC grade in 239 out-patients (115 men; mean age, 61.9 years) was also evaluated, and was 0, 1, 2, and 3 in 46%, 22%, 29%, and 4% of the population, respectively, was significantly associated with pulse pressure and intima-media thickness. AAC grade in patients with diabetes or renal dysfunction was significantly higher than in those without each risk, but there was no association with other risk factors. In addition, AAC grade was positively correlated with risk factor clustering.
CONCLUSION : Assessment of AAC detectable on a chest X-ray is very useful and its grade reflects the magnitude of calcified change in the whole aorta. In addition, AAC evaluation may provide supportive information for atherosclerotic risk stratification.
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = X;code = 88
char = -;code = 45
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Validity and usefulness of aortic arch calcification in chest X-ray.
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = B;code = 66
char = A;code = 65
char = C;code = 67
char = K;code = 75
char = G;code = 71
char = R;code = 82
char = O;code = 79
char = U;code = 85
char = N;code = 78
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = A;code = 65
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = C;code = 67
char = V;code = 86
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = X;code = 88
char = -;code = 45
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = M;code = 77
char = E;code = 69
char = T;code = 84
char = H;code = 72
char = O;code = 79
char = D;code = 68
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = N;code = 78
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = A;code = 65
char = A;code = 65
char = C;code = 67
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = -;code = 45
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = X;code = 88
char = -;code = 45
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = A;code = 65
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = /;code = 47
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
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char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
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char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
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char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
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char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = n;code = 110
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char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
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char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
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char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
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char = t;code = 116
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
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char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = w;code = 119
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char = h;code = 104
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
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char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
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char = ;code = 32
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char = d;code = 100
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = A;code = 65
char = A;code = 65
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
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char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
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char = <;code = 60
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char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = C;code = 67
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = C;code = 67
char = L;code = 76
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
char = I;code = 73
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = A;code = 65
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = X;code = 88
char = -;code = 45
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = A;code = 65
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
result sql = BACKGROUND : Arterial calcification is associated with cardiovascular (CV) disease, to be leading to vessel wall stiffness and causing the management of hemodynamics in the elderly more difficult. Here, we compared the extent of calcification in the aortic arch by reviewing chest X-rays to that in the abdominal aorta as assessed by more detailed examinations. In addition, the validity of the grading and the relationship of this useful grading to clinical risk factors were evaluated.
METHODS AND RESULTS : The extent of aortic arch calcification (AAC) on a postero-anterior plain chest X-ray was divided into four grades (0 to 3). First, AAC grade was assessed in patients who underwent two quantitative examinations for abdominal aortic calcification; lateral radiograph of lumbar spine and/or computer tomography, and was positively correlated with the abdominal aortic calcification level. Subsequently, AAC grade in 239 out-patients (115 men; mean age, 61.9 years) was also evaluated, and was 0, 1, 2, and 3 in 46%, 22%, 29%, and 4% of the population, respectively, was significantly associated with pulse pressure and intima-media thickness. AAC grade in patients with diabetes or renal dysfunction was significantly higher than in those without each risk, but there was no association with other risk factors. In addition, AAC grade was positively correlated with risk factor clustering.
CONCLUSION : Assessment of AAC detectable on a chest X-ray is very useful and its grade reflects the magnitude of calcified change in the whole aorta. In addition, AAC evaluation may provide supportive information for atherosclerotic risk stratification.
Publication: J. Atheroscler. Thromb. 2009 Jun ;16(3)::256-64.
Publication Date: 2009 Jun
Study Author(s): Hashimoto, Hiroko;Iijima, Katsuya;Hashimoto, Masayoshi;Son, Bo-Kyung;Ota, Hidetaka;Ogawa, Sumito;Eto, Masato;Akishita, Masahiro;Ouchi, Yasuyoshi;
Institution: Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2009 Jun
Study Author(s): Hashimoto, Hiroko;Iijima, Katsuya;Hashimoto, Masayoshi;Son, Bo-Kyung;Ota, Hidetaka;Ogawa, Sumito;Eto, Masato;Akishita, Masahiro;Ouchi, Yasuyoshi;
Institution: Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
Shortcut link to this study:
BACKGROUND : Arterial calcification is associated with cardiovascular (CV) disease, to be leading to vessel wall stiffness and causing the management of hemodynamics in the elderly more difficult. Here, we compared the extent of calcification in the aortic arch by reviewing chest X-rays to that in the abdominal aorta as assessed by more detailed examinations. In addition, the validity of the grading and the relationship of this useful grading to clinical risk factors were evaluated.
METHODS AND RESULTS : The extent of aortic arch calcification (AAC) on a postero-anterior plain chest X-ray was divided into four grades (0 to 3). First, AAC grade was assessed in patients who underwent two quantitative examinations for abdominal aortic calcification; lateral radiograph of lumbar spine and/or computer tomography, and was positively correlated with the abdominal aortic calcification level. Subsequently, AAC grade in 239 out-patients (115 men; mean age, 61.9 years) was also evaluated, and was 0, 1, 2, and 3 in 46%, 22%, 29%, and 4% of the population, respectively, was significantly associated with pulse pressure and intima-media thickness. AAC grade in patients with diabetes or renal dysfunction was significantly higher than in those without each risk, but there was no association with other risk factors. In addition, AAC grade was positively correlated with risk factor clustering.
CONCLUSION : Assessment of AAC detectable on a chest X-ray is very useful and its grade reflects the magnitude of calcified change in the whole aorta. In addition, AAC evaluation may provide supportive information for atherosclerotic risk stratification.
METHODS AND RESULTS : The extent of aortic arch calcification (AAC) on a postero-anterior plain chest X-ray was divided into four grades (0 to 3). First, AAC grade was assessed in patients who underwent two quantitative examinations for abdominal aortic calcification; lateral radiograph of lumbar spine and/or computer tomography, and was positively correlated with the abdominal aortic calcification level. Subsequently, AAC grade in 239 out-patients (115 men; mean age, 61.9 years) was also evaluated, and was 0, 1, 2, and 3 in 46%, 22%, 29%, and 4% of the population, respectively, was significantly associated with pulse pressure and intima-media thickness. AAC grade in patients with diabetes or renal dysfunction was significantly higher than in those without each risk, but there was no association with other risk factors. In addition, AAC grade was positively correlated with risk factor clustering.
CONCLUSION : Assessment of AAC detectable on a chest X-ray is very useful and its grade reflects the magnitude of calcified change in the whole aorta. In addition, AAC evaluation may provide supportive information for atherosclerotic risk stratification.
PMID: 19556724
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