|
|
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result sql = In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of elemental ions released from different prosthodontic materials.
In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of elemental ions released from different prosthodontic materials.char = <;code = 60
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result sql = OBJECTIVES : This study investigated the cytotoxicity of elemental ions contained in four fixed prosthodontic materials (gold, nickel-chromium, stainless-steel alloys and CAD-CAM ceramics).
MATERIALS AND METHODS : According to the determination of elements released from prosthodontic materials by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy, similar amounts of elements Pd, Ag, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, Be, Fe, Al, and K were prepared as salt solutions. Wells with a tenfold higher concentration of the tested elements were used as positive controls, while a well without any tested element was used as a negative control. These salt solutions were tested for cytotoxicity by culturing mouse L-929 fibroblasts in the salt solutions for a 7-day period of incubation. Then, the percentage of viable cells for each element was measured using trypan blue exclusion assay. The data (n=5) were statistically analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey test (p<0.05).
RESULTS : The results showed a statistically significant difference for the cytotoxic effect of the tested elements salt solutions. For the released element concentrations the lowest percentage of viable cells (mean+/-SD) was evident with Zn, Cu or Ni indicating that they are the highly toxic elements. Be and Ag were found to be intermediate in cytotoxic effect. Fe, Cr, Mo, Al, Pd or K were found to be the least cytotoxic elements.
SIGNIFICANCE : Zn and Cu released from gold alloys, and Ni released from nickel-chromium alloys, which are commonly used as fixed prosthodontic restorations, show evidence of a high cytotoxic effect on fibroblast cell cultures.
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char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
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char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
result sql = In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of elemental ions released from different prosthodontic materials.
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = O;code = 79
char = B;code = 66
char = J;code = 74
char = E;code = 69
char = C;code = 67
char = T;code = 84
char = I;code = 73
char = V;code = 86
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
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char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
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char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
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char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = x;code = 120
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
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char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
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char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
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char = c;code = 99
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char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
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char = d;code = 100
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char = ;code = 32
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = -;code = 45
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
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char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = A;code = 65
char = D;code = 68
char = -;code = 45
char = C;code = 67
char = A;code = 65
char = M;code = 77
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = m;code = 109
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char = c;code = 99
char = s;code = 115
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
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char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = M;code = 77
char = A;code = 65
char = T;code = 84
char = E;code = 69
char = R;code = 82
char = I;code = 73
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = N;code = 78
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = E;code = 69
char = T;code = 84
char = H;code = 72
char = O;code = 79
char = D;code = 68
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = A;code = 65
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
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char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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char = r;code = 114
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = s;code = 115
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char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = d;code = 100
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = g;code = 103
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = Z;code = 90
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = u;code = 117
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = i;code = 105
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = o;code = 111
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = K;code = 75
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
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char = g;code = 103
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char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
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char = l;code = 108
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
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char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
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char = c;code = 99
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char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
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char = r;code = 114
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char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = -;code = 45
char = 9;code = 57
char = 2;code = 50
char = 9;code = 57
char = ;code = 32
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char = b;code = 98
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char = c;code = 99
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char = ;code = 32
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
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char = s;code = 115
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char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
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char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
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char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
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char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
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char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = S;code = 83
char = D;code = 68
char = );code = 41
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char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
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char = ;code = 32
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char = u;code = 117
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = i;code = 105
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
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char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
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char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
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char = y;code = 121
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char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
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char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
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char = h;code = 104
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char = y;code = 121
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char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
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char = n;code = 110
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char = g;code = 103
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char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
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char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
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char = ;code = 32
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char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
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char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
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char = d;code = 100
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char = ;code = 32
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char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = S;code = 83
char = I;code = 73
char = G;code = 71
char = N;code = 78
char = I;code = 73
char = F;code = 70
char = I;code = 73
char = C;code = 67
char = A;code = 65
char = N;code = 78
char = C;code = 67
char = E;code = 69
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = Z;code = 90
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = u;code = 117
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = i;code = 105
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = -;code = 45
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = x;code = 120
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
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char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
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result sql = OBJECTIVES : This study investigated the cytotoxicity of elemental ions contained in four fixed prosthodontic materials (gold, nickel-chromium, stainless-steel alloys and CAD-CAM ceramics).
MATERIALS AND METHODS : According to the determination of elements released from prosthodontic materials by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy, similar amounts of elements Pd, Ag, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, Be, Fe, Al, and K were prepared as salt solutions. Wells with a tenfold higher concentration of the tested elements were used as positive controls, while a well without any tested element was used as a negative control. These salt solutions were tested for cytotoxicity by culturing mouse L-929 fibroblasts in the salt solutions for a 7-day period of incubation. Then, the percentage of viable cells for each element was measured using trypan blue exclusion assay. The data (n=5) were statistically analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey test (p<0.05).
RESULTS : The results showed a statistically significant difference for the cytotoxic effect of the tested elements salt solutions. For the released element concentrations the lowest percentage of viable cells (mean+/-SD) was evident with Zn, Cu or Ni indicating that they are the highly toxic elements. Be and Ag were found to be intermediate in cytotoxic effect. Fe, Cr, Mo, Al, Pd or K were found to be the least cytotoxic elements.
SIGNIFICANCE : Zn and Cu released from gold alloys, and Ni released from nickel-chromium alloys, which are commonly used as fixed prosthodontic restorations, show evidence of a high cytotoxic effect on fibroblast cell cultures.
Publication: Dent Mater 2009 Dec ;25(12)::1551-5. :doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2009.07.008.
Publication Date: 2009 Dec
Study Author(s): Elshahawy, Waleed M;Watanabe, Ikuya;Kramer, Phillip;
Institution: Department of Biomaterials Science, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 3302 Gaston Ave., Dallas, TX, 75246, United States. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2009 Dec
Study Author(s): Elshahawy, Waleed M;Watanabe, Ikuya;Kramer, Phillip;
Institution: Department of Biomaterials Science, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 3302 Gaston Ave., Dallas, TX, 75246, United States. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
OBJECTIVES : This study investigated the cytotoxicity of elemental ions contained in four fixed prosthodontic materials (gold, nickel-chromium, stainless-steel alloys and CAD-CAM ceramics).
MATERIALS AND METHODS : According to the determination of elements released from prosthodontic materials by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy, similar amounts of elements Pd, Ag, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, Be, Fe, Al, and K were prepared as salt solutions. Wells with a tenfold higher concentration of the tested elements were used as positive controls, while a well without any tested element was used as a negative control. These salt solutions were tested for cytotoxicity by culturing mouse L-929 fibroblasts in the salt solutions for a 7-day period of incubation. Then, the percentage of viable cells for each element was measured using trypan blue exclusion assay. The data (n=5) were statistically analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey test (p<0.05).
RESULTS : The results showed a statistically significant difference for the cytotoxic effect of the tested elements salt solutions. For the released element concentrations the lowest percentage of viable cells (mean+/-SD) was evident with Zn, Cu or Ni indicating that they are the highly toxic elements. Be and Ag were found to be intermediate in cytotoxic effect. Fe, Cr, Mo, Al, Pd or K were found to be the least cytotoxic elements.
SIGNIFICANCE : Zn and Cu released from gold alloys, and Ni released from nickel-chromium alloys, which are commonly used as fixed prosthodontic restorations, show evidence of a high cytotoxic effect on fibroblast cell cultures.
MATERIALS AND METHODS : According to the determination of elements released from prosthodontic materials by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy, similar amounts of elements Pd, Ag, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, Be, Fe, Al, and K were prepared as salt solutions. Wells with a tenfold higher concentration of the tested elements were used as positive controls, while a well without any tested element was used as a negative control. These salt solutions were tested for cytotoxicity by culturing mouse L-929 fibroblasts in the salt solutions for a 7-day period of incubation. Then, the percentage of viable cells for each element was measured using trypan blue exclusion assay. The data (n=5) were statistically analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey test (p<0.05).
RESULTS : The results showed a statistically significant difference for the cytotoxic effect of the tested elements salt solutions. For the released element concentrations the lowest percentage of viable cells (mean+/-SD) was evident with Zn, Cu or Ni indicating that they are the highly toxic elements. Be and Ag were found to be intermediate in cytotoxic effect. Fe, Cr, Mo, Al, Pd or K were found to be the least cytotoxic elements.
SIGNIFICANCE : Zn and Cu released from gold alloys, and Ni released from nickel-chromium alloys, which are commonly used as fixed prosthodontic restorations, show evidence of a high cytotoxic effect on fibroblast cell cultures.
PMID: 19682734
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