char = A;code = 65
char = m;code = 109
char = y;code = 121
char = g;code = 103
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = s;code = 115
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Amygdala volumes in childhood absence epilepsy.
Amygdala volumes in childhood absence epilepsy.
char = A;code = 65
char = b;code = 98
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = y;code = 121
char = g;code = 103
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = -;code = 45
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = A;code = 65
char = D;code = 68
char = H;code = 72
char = D;code = 68
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = s;code = 115
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = C;code = 67
char = A;code = 65
char = E;code = 69
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = y;code = 121
char = g;code = 103
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = A;code = 65
char = E;code = 69
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = -;code = 45
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = x;code = 120
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = A;code = 65
char = E;code = 69
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 3;code = 51
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 6;code = 54
char = .;code = 46
char = 6;code = 54
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = 5;code = 53
char = .;code = 46
char = 8;code = 56
char = ;code = 32
char = y;code = 121
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = R;code = 82
char = I;code = 73
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = R;code = 82
char = I;code = 73
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = y;code = 121
char = g;code = 103
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = y;code = 121
char = g;code = 103
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = A;code = 65
char = E;code = 69
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = A;code = 65
char = E;code = 69
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = D;code = 68
char = H;code = 72
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = y;code = 121
char = g;code = 103
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = j;code = 106
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = A;code = 65
char = E;code = 69
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = s;code = 115
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = /;code = 47
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = y;code = 121
char = g;code = 103
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = y;code = 121
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = s;code = 115
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
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result sql = Abnormal amygdala volumes in pediatric mood-anxiety disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as high rates of these diagnoses in childhood absence epilepsy (CAE), prompted this study of amygdala volume in CAE. Twenty-six children with CAE and 23 normal children, aged 6.6-15.8 years, underwent MRI at 1.5 T. The tissue imaged with MRI was segmented, and amygdala volumes were obtained by manual tracings. There were no significant amygdala volume differences between the CAE and normal groups. Within the CAE group, however, the children with ADHD had significantly smaller amygdala volumes than the subjects with CAE with no psychopathology and those with mood/anxiety diagnoses. There was also a significant relationship between higher seizure frequency and greater amygdala asymmetry in the epilepsy group. Given ongoing development of the amygdala during late childhood and adolescence, despite the lack of significant group differences in amygdala volumes, the association of amygdala volume abnormalities with ADHD and seizure frequency implies a possible impact of the disorder on amygdala development and CAE-associated comorbidities, such as ADHD.

Publication: Epilepsy Behav 2009 Nov ;16(3)::436-41. :doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2009.08.009.
Publication Date: 2009 Nov
Study Author(s): Schreibman Cohen, Ayelet;Daley, Melita;Siddarth, Prabha;Levitt, Jennifer;Loesch, Ingrid K;Altshuler, Lori;Ly, Ronald;Shields, W Donald;Gurbani, Suresh;Caplan, Rochelle;
Institution: Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. ayeletsc@gmail.com
Shortcut link to this study:
Abnormal amygdala volumes in pediatric mood-anxiety disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as high rates of these diagnoses in childhood absence epilepsy (CAE), prompted this study of amygdala volume in CAE. Twenty-six children with CAE and 23 normal children, aged 6.6-15.8 years, underwent MRI at 1.5 T. The tissue imaged with MRI was segmented, and amygdala volumes were obtained by manual tracings. There were no significant amygdala volume differences between the CAE and normal groups. Within the CAE group, however, the children with ADHD had significantly smaller amygdala volumes than the subjects with CAE with no psychopathology and those with mood/anxiety diagnoses. There was also a significant relationship between higher seizure frequency and greater amygdala asymmetry in the epilepsy group. Given ongoing development of the amygdala during late childhood and adolescence, despite the lack of significant group differences in amygdala volumes, the association of amygdala volume abnormalities with ADHD and seizure frequency implies a possible impact of the disorder on amygdala development and CAE-associated comorbidities, such as ADHD.
PMID: 19766541

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