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result sql = Integrated assessment of diastolic and systolic ventricular function using diagnostic cardiac magnetic resonance catheterization: validation in pigs and application in a clinical pilot study.
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char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = P;code = 80
char = V;code = 86
char = R;code = 82
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = M;code = 77
char = R;code = 82
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = P;code = 80
char = V;code = 86
char = R;code = 82
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = y;code = 121
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = M;code = 77
char = R;code = 82
char = -;code = 45
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = P;code = 80
char = V;code = 86
char = R;code = 82
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = -;code = 45
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = -;code = 45
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = M;code = 77
char = R;code = 82
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = /;code = 47
char = a;code = 97
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = P;code = 80
char = V;code = 86
char = R;code = 82
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = f;code = 102
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = P;code = 80
char = V;code = 86
char = R;code = 82
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = M;code = 77
char = R;code = 82
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = B;code = 66
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = -;code = 45
char = A;code = 65
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = -;code = 45
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = M;code = 77
char = R;code = 82
char = -;code = 45
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result sql = OBJECTIVES : This study sought to develop and validate a method for the integrated analysis of systolic and diastolic ventricular function.
BACKGROUND : An integrated approach to assess ventricular pump function, myocontractility (end-systolic pressure-volume relationship [ESPVR]), and diastolic compliance (end-diastolic pressure-volume relation [EDPVR]) is of high clinical value. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is well established for measuring global pump function, and catheterization-combined CMR was previously shown to accurately measure ESPVR, but not yet the EDPVR.
METHODS : In 8 pigs, the CMR technique was compared with conductance catheter methods (gold standard) for measuring the EDPVR in the left and right ventricle. Measurements were performed at rest and during dobutamine administration. For CMR, the ESPVR was estimated with a single-beat approach by synchronizing invasive ventricular pressures with cine CMR-derived ventricular volumes. The EDPVR was determined during pre-load reduction from additional volume data that were obtained from real-time velocity-encoded CMR pulmonary/aortic blood flow measurements. Pre-load reduction was achieved by transient balloon occlusion of the inferior vena cava. The stiffness coefficient beta was calculated by an exponential fit from the EDPVR. After validation in the animal experiments, the EDPVR was assessed in a pilot study of 3 patients with a single ventricle using identical CMR and conductance catheter techniques.
RESULTS : Bland-Altman tests showed good agreement between conductance catheter-derived and CMR-derived EDPVR. In both ventricles of the pigs, dobutamine enhanced myocontractility (p < 0.01), increased stroke volume (p < 0.01), and improved diastolic function. The latter was evidenced by shorter early relaxation (p < 0.05), a downward shift of the EDPVR, and a decreased stiffness coefficient beta (p < 0.05). In contrast, in the patients, early relaxation was inconspicuous but the EDPVR shifted left-upward and the stiffness constant remained unchanged. The observed changes in diastolic function were not significantly different when measured with conductance catheter and CMR.
CONCLUSIONS : This novel CMR method provides differential information about diastolic function in conjunction with parameters of systolic contractility and global pump function.
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result sql = Integrated assessment of diastolic and systolic ventricular function using diagnostic cardiac magnetic resonance catheterization: validation in pigs and application in a clinical pilot study.
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char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = M;code = 77
char = R;code = 82
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = P;code = 80
char = V;code = 86
char = R;code = 82
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = y;code = 121
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = M;code = 77
char = R;code = 82
char = -;code = 45
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = P;code = 80
char = V;code = 86
char = R;code = 82
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = -;code = 45
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = -;code = 45
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = M;code = 77
char = R;code = 82
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = /;code = 47
char = a;code = 97
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = P;code = 80
char = V;code = 86
char = R;code = 82
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = f;code = 102
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = P;code = 80
char = V;code = 86
char = R;code = 82
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = M;code = 77
char = R;code = 82
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = B;code = 66
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = -;code = 45
char = A;code = 65
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = -;code = 45
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = M;code = 77
char = R;code = 82
char = -;code = 45
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = P;code = 80
char = V;code = 86
char = R;code = 82
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = y;code = 121
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
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result sql = OBJECTIVES : This study sought to develop and validate a method for the integrated analysis of systolic and diastolic ventricular function.
BACKGROUND : An integrated approach to assess ventricular pump function, myocontractility (end-systolic pressure-volume relationship [ESPVR]), and diastolic compliance (end-diastolic pressure-volume relation [EDPVR]) is of high clinical value. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is well established for measuring global pump function, and catheterization-combined CMR was previously shown to accurately measure ESPVR, but not yet the EDPVR.
METHODS : In 8 pigs, the CMR technique was compared with conductance catheter methods (gold standard) for measuring the EDPVR in the left and right ventricle. Measurements were performed at rest and during dobutamine administration. For CMR, the ESPVR was estimated with a single-beat approach by synchronizing invasive ventricular pressures with cine CMR-derived ventricular volumes. The EDPVR was determined during pre-load reduction from additional volume data that were obtained from real-time velocity-encoded CMR pulmonary/aortic blood flow measurements. Pre-load reduction was achieved by transient balloon occlusion of the inferior vena cava. The stiffness coefficient beta was calculated by an exponential fit from the EDPVR. After validation in the animal experiments, the EDPVR was assessed in a pilot study of 3 patients with a single ventricle using identical CMR and conductance catheter techniques.
RESULTS : Bland-Altman tests showed good agreement between conductance catheter-derived and CMR-derived EDPVR. In both ventricles of the pigs, dobutamine enhanced myocontractility (p < 0.01), increased stroke volume (p < 0.01), and improved diastolic function. The latter was evidenced by shorter early relaxation (p < 0.05), a downward shift of the EDPVR, and a decreased stiffness coefficient beta (p < 0.05). In contrast, in the patients, early relaxation was inconspicuous but the EDPVR shifted left-upward and the stiffness constant remained unchanged. The observed changes in diastolic function were not significantly different when measured with conductance catheter and CMR.
CONCLUSIONS : This novel CMR method provides differential information about diastolic function in conjunction with parameters of systolic contractility and global pump function.
Publication: JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2009 Nov ;2(11)::1271-81. :doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2009.09.007.
Publication Date: 2009 Nov
Study Author(s): Schmitt, Boris;Steendijk, Paul;Lunze, Karsten;Ovroutski, Stanislav;Falkenberg, Jan;Rahmanzadeh, Pedram;Maarouf, Nizar;Ewert, Peter;Berger, Felix;Kuehne, Titus;
Institution: Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2009 Nov
Study Author(s): Schmitt, Boris;Steendijk, Paul;Lunze, Karsten;Ovroutski, Stanislav;Falkenberg, Jan;Rahmanzadeh, Pedram;Maarouf, Nizar;Ewert, Peter;Berger, Felix;Kuehne, Titus;
Institution: Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
OBJECTIVES : This study sought to develop and validate a method for the integrated analysis of systolic and diastolic ventricular function.
BACKGROUND : An integrated approach to assess ventricular pump function, myocontractility (end-systolic pressure-volume relationship [ESPVR]), and diastolic compliance (end-diastolic pressure-volume relation [EDPVR]) is of high clinical value. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is well established for measuring global pump function, and catheterization-combined CMR was previously shown to accurately measure ESPVR, but not yet the EDPVR.
METHODS : In 8 pigs, the CMR technique was compared with conductance catheter methods (gold standard) for measuring the EDPVR in the left and right ventricle. Measurements were performed at rest and during dobutamine administration. For CMR, the ESPVR was estimated with a single-beat approach by synchronizing invasive ventricular pressures with cine CMR-derived ventricular volumes. The EDPVR was determined during pre-load reduction from additional volume data that were obtained from real-time velocity-encoded CMR pulmonary/aortic blood flow measurements. Pre-load reduction was achieved by transient balloon occlusion of the inferior vena cava. The stiffness coefficient beta was calculated by an exponential fit from the EDPVR. After validation in the animal experiments, the EDPVR was assessed in a pilot study of 3 patients with a single ventricle using identical CMR and conductance catheter techniques.
RESULTS : Bland-Altman tests showed good agreement between conductance catheter-derived and CMR-derived EDPVR. In both ventricles of the pigs, dobutamine enhanced myocontractility (p < 0.01), increased stroke volume (p < 0.01), and improved diastolic function. The latter was evidenced by shorter early relaxation (p < 0.05), a downward shift of the EDPVR, and a decreased stiffness coefficient beta (p < 0.05). In contrast, in the patients, early relaxation was inconspicuous but the EDPVR shifted left-upward and the stiffness constant remained unchanged. The observed changes in diastolic function were not significantly different when measured with conductance catheter and CMR.
CONCLUSIONS : This novel CMR method provides differential information about diastolic function in conjunction with parameters of systolic contractility and global pump function.
BACKGROUND : An integrated approach to assess ventricular pump function, myocontractility (end-systolic pressure-volume relationship [ESPVR]), and diastolic compliance (end-diastolic pressure-volume relation [EDPVR]) is of high clinical value. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is well established for measuring global pump function, and catheterization-combined CMR was previously shown to accurately measure ESPVR, but not yet the EDPVR.
METHODS : In 8 pigs, the CMR technique was compared with conductance catheter methods (gold standard) for measuring the EDPVR in the left and right ventricle. Measurements were performed at rest and during dobutamine administration. For CMR, the ESPVR was estimated with a single-beat approach by synchronizing invasive ventricular pressures with cine CMR-derived ventricular volumes. The EDPVR was determined during pre-load reduction from additional volume data that were obtained from real-time velocity-encoded CMR pulmonary/aortic blood flow measurements. Pre-load reduction was achieved by transient balloon occlusion of the inferior vena cava. The stiffness coefficient beta was calculated by an exponential fit from the EDPVR. After validation in the animal experiments, the EDPVR was assessed in a pilot study of 3 patients with a single ventricle using identical CMR and conductance catheter techniques.
RESULTS : Bland-Altman tests showed good agreement between conductance catheter-derived and CMR-derived EDPVR. In both ventricles of the pigs, dobutamine enhanced myocontractility (p < 0.01), increased stroke volume (p < 0.01), and improved diastolic function. The latter was evidenced by shorter early relaxation (p < 0.05), a downward shift of the EDPVR, and a decreased stiffness coefficient beta (p < 0.05). In contrast, in the patients, early relaxation was inconspicuous but the EDPVR shifted left-upward and the stiffness constant remained unchanged. The observed changes in diastolic function were not significantly different when measured with conductance catheter and CMR.
CONCLUSIONS : This novel CMR method provides differential information about diastolic function in conjunction with parameters of systolic contractility and global pump function.
PMID: 19909930
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