char = A;code = 65 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = -;code = 45 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = -;code = 45 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = M;code = 77 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = O;code = 79 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 result sql = Associations of polymorphisms of eight muscle- or metabolism-related genes with performance in Mount Olympus marathon runners.
Associations of polymorphisms of eight muscle- or metabolism-related genes with performance in Mount Olympus marathon runners.char = A;code = 65 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = b;code = 98 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = y;code = 121 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = b;code = 98 char = j;code = 106 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = d;code = 100 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = -;code = 45 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = -;code = 45 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = O;code = 79 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = M;code = 77 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = W;code = 87 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = 4;code = 52 char = 3;code = 51 char = 8;code = 56 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = 2;code = 50 char = 0;code = 48 char = 0;code = 48 char = 7;code = 55 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = 2;code = 50 char = 0;code = 48 char = 0;code = 48 char = 8;code = 56 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = n;code = 110 char = u;code = 117 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = O;code = 79 char = L;code = 76 char = Y;code = 89 char = M;code = 77 char = P;code = 80 char = U;code = 85 char = S;code = 83 char = ;code = 32 char = M;code = 77 char = A;code = 65 char = R;code = 82 char = A;code = 65 char = T;code = 84 char = H;code = 72 char = O;code = 79 char = N;code = 78 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = /;code = 47 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = 4;code = 52 char = 3;code = 51 char = .;code = 46 char = 8;code = 56 char = -;code = 45 char = k;code = 107 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = 2;code = 50 char = ,;code = 44 char = 6;code = 54 char = 9;code = 57 char = 0;code = 48 char = -;code = 45 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = 3;code = 51 char = 0;code = 48 char = 0;code = 48 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = O;code = 79 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = M;code = 77 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = O;code = 79 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = M;code = 77 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = k;code = 107 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = k;code = 107 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = y;code = 121 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = E;code = 69 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = (;code = 40 char = 3;code = 51 char = );code = 41 char = -;code = 45 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = A;code = 65 char = C;code = 67 char = T;code = 84 char = N;code = 78 char = 3;code = 51 char = );code = 41 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = M;code = 77 char = P;code = 80 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = -;code = 45 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = A;code = 65 char = M;code = 77 char = P;code = 80 char = D;code = 68 char = 1;code = 49 char = );code = 41 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = y;code = 121 char = k;code = 107 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = B;code = 66 char = (;code = 40 char = 2;code = 50 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = B;code = 66 char = D;code = 68 char = K;code = 75 char = R;code = 82 char = B;code = 66 char = 2;code = 50 char = );code = 41 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = (;code = 40 char = 2;code = 50 char = );code = 41 char = -;code = 45 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = g;code = 103 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = A;code = 65 char = D;code = 68 char = R;code = 82 char = B;code = 66 char = 2;code = 50 char = );code = 41 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = x;code = 120 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = -;code = 45 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = P;code = 80 char = P;code = 80 char = A;code = 65 char = R;code = 82 char = );code = 41 char = -;code = 45 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = -;code = 45 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = P;code = 80 char = P;code = 80 char = A;code = 65 char = R;code = 82 char = G;code = 71 char = C;code = 67 char = 1;code = 49 char = A;code = 65 char = );code = 41 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = P;code = 80 char = A;code = 65 char = R;code = 82 char = -;code = 45 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = P;code = 80 char = P;code = 80 char = A;code = 65 char = R;code = 82 char = A;code = 65 char = );code = 41 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = P;code = 80 char = A;code = 65 char = R;code = 82 char = -;code = 45 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = P;code = 80 char = P;code = 80 char = A;code = 65 char = R;code = 82 char = D;code = 68 char = );code = 41 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = E;code = 69 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = A;code = 65 char = P;code = 80 char = O;code = 79 char = E;code = 69 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = H;code = 72 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = d;code = 100 char = y;code = 121 char = -;code = 45 char = W;code = 87 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = q;code = 113 char = u;code = 117 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = u;code = 117 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = B;code = 66 char = D;code = 68 char = K;code = 75 char = R;code = 82 char = B;code = 66 char = 2;code = 50 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = 1;code = 49 char = 7;code = 55 char = 9;code = 57 char = 9;code = 57 char = 7;code = 55 char = 2;code = 50 char = 2;code = 50 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = P;code = 80 char = ;code = 32 char = =;code = 61 char = ;code = 32 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 0;code = 48 char = 1;code = 49 char = 8;code = 56 char = ;;code = 59 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = ;code = 32 char = =;code = 61 char = ;code = 32 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 0;code = 48 char = 0;code = 48 char = 6;code = 54 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = 3;code = 51 char = 1;code = 49 char = 6;code = 54 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = T;code = 84 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = =;code = 61 char = ;code = 32 char = 4;code = 52 char = 1;code = 49 char = 7;code = 55 char = );code = 41 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = W;code = 87 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = 3;code = 51 char = 1;code = 49 char = 6;code = 54 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = D;code = 68 char = R;code = 82 char = B;code = 66 char = 2;code = 50 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = 1;code = 49 char = 0;code = 48 char = 4;code = 52 char = 2;code = 50 char = 7;code = 55 char = 1;code = 49 char = 3;code = 51 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = A;code = 65 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = P;code = 80 char = ;code = 32 char = =;code = 61 char = ;code = 32 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 0;code = 48 char = 1;code = 49 char = );code = 41 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = B;code = 66 char = D;code = 68 char = K;code = 75 char = R;code = 82 char = B;code = 66 char = 2;code = 50 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = 1;code = 49 char = 7;code = 55 char = 9;code = 57 char = 9;code = 57 char = 7;code = 55 char = 2;code = 50 char = 2;code = 50 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = D;code = 68 char = R;code = 82 char = B;code = 66 char = 2;code = 50 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = 1;code = 49 char = 0;code = 48 char = 4;code = 52 char = 2;code = 50 char = 7;code = 55 char = 1;code = 49 char = 3;code = 51 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = y;code = 121 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = B;code = 66 char = D;code = 68 char = K;code = 75 char = R;code = 82 char = B;code = 66 char = 2;code = 50 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = 1;code = 49 char = 7;code = 55 char = 9;code = 57 char = 9;code = 57 char = 7;code = 55 char = 2;code = 50 char = 2;code = 50 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = D;code = 68 char = R;code = 82 char = B;code = 66 char = 2;code = 50 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = 1;code = 49 char = 0;code = 48 char = 4;code = 52 char = 2;code = 50 char = 7;code = 55 char = 1;code = 49 char = 3;code = 51 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = p;code = 112 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = q;code = 113 char = u;code = 117 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 result sql = Athletic endurance performance is probably partly under genetic control, but genetic association studies have yielded inconclusive results. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association of polymorphisms in eight muscle- or metabolism-related genes with endurance performance in participants of the Olympus Marathon running race. We recruited 438 athletes who participated in the 2007 and 2008 annual running events of the OLYMPUS MARATHON: a 43.8-km race with an ascent from sea level to 2,690-m altitude and then a descent to 300 m. Phenotypes of interest were the competitive event time at the specific Olympus Marathon where the athlete was enrolled, the fastest reported timing ever achieved in an Olympus Marathon, and how many kilometers per week the athlete ran during the previous year. Eleven polymorphisms in alpha(3)-actinin (ACTN3), AMP deaminase-1 (AMPD1), bradykinin B(2) receptor (BDKRB2), beta(2)-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PPARGC1A), PPAR-alpha (PPARA), PPAR-delta (PPARD), and apoliprotein E (APOE) were evaluated. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium testing on the overall cohort of male athletes showed a significant deviation for BDKRB2 rs1799722 (P = 0.018; P = 0.006 when limited to 316 habitual male runners) with an excess of the TT genotype. Across all athletes, no associations showed nominal statistical significance for any of the three phenotypes, and the same was true when analyses were limited to men (n = 417). When limited to 316 male athletes who identified running as their preferred sport, ADRB2 rs1042713 had nominally significant associations with faster times for the minor (A) allele for the fastest time ever (P = 0.01). The direction of effect was identical as previously postulated only for BDKRB2 rs1799722 and ADRB2 rs1042713, indicating consistency. BDKRB2 rs1799722 and ADRB2 rs1042713 have some support for being implicated in endurance performance among habitual runners and require further investigation.
Publication: J. Appl. Physiol. 2010 Mar ;108(3)::567-74. :doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00780.2009.
Publication Date: 2010 Mar
Study Author(s): Tsianos, Georgios I;Evangelou, Evangelos;Boot, Arnoud;Zillikens, M Carola;van Meurs, Joyce B J;Uitterlinden, Andre G;Ioannidis, John P A;
Institution: Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina 45 110, Greece.
Shortcut link to this study:
Athletic endurance performance is probably partly under genetic control, but genetic association studies have yielded inconclusive results. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association of polymorphisms in eight muscle- or metabolism-related genes with endurance performance in participants of the Olympus Marathon running race. We recruited 438 athletes who participated in the 2007 and 2008 annual running events of the OLYMPUS MARATHON: a 43.8-km race with an ascent from sea level to 2,690-m altitude and then a descent to 300 m. Phenotypes of interest were the competitive event time at the specific Olympus Marathon where the athlete was enrolled, the fastest reported timing ever achieved in an Olympus Marathon, and how many kilometers per week the athlete ran during the previous year. Eleven polymorphisms in alpha(3)-actinin (ACTN3), AMP deaminase-1 (AMPD1), bradykinin B(2) receptor (BDKRB2), beta(2)-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PPARGC1A), PPAR-alpha (PPARA), PPAR-delta (PPARD), and apoliprotein E (APOE) were evaluated. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium testing on the overall cohort of male athletes showed a significant deviation for BDKRB2 rs1799722 (P = 0.018; P = 0.006 when limited to 316 habitual male runners) with an excess of the TT genotype. Across all athletes, no associations showed nominal statistical significance for any of the three phenotypes, and the same was true when analyses were limited to men (n = 417). When limited to 316 male athletes who identified running as their preferred sport, ADRB2 rs1042713 had nominally significant associations with faster times for the minor (A) allele for the fastest time ever (P = 0.01). The direction of effect was identical as previously postulated only for BDKRB2 rs1799722 and ADRB2 rs1042713, indicating consistency. BDKRB2 rs1799722 and ADRB2 rs1042713 have some support for being implicated in endurance performance among habitual runners and require further investigation.
PMID: 20044476