char = A;code = 65
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
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char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
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char = p;code = 112
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char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Antibacterial activity of essential oils from palmarosa, evening primrose, lavender and tuberose.
Antibacterial activity of essential oils from palmarosa, evening primrose, lavender and tuberose.
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char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = C;code = 67
char = y;code = 121
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char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
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char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
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char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
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char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
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char = e;code = 101
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = (;code = 40
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
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char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
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char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
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char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = -;code = 45
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = -;code = 45
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = z;code = 122
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
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char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
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char = s;code = 115
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = y;code = 121
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
result sql = Essential oils extracted from flower petals of palmarosa (Cymbopogon martini), evening primrose (Primula rosea), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and tuberose (Polianthus tuberosa) were tested for their antibacterial activities against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Different concentrations of each essential oil ranging from 10-100% were tested. Both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were found susceptible to the studied flower essential oils. With increase in concentration of essential oil, increase in zone of inhibition was observed thus dose-dependent response was clear for each essential oil. Essential oil extracted from Cymbopogon martini showed the highest activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria among the tested essential oils.

Publication: Indian J Pharm Sci 2009 Mar ;71(2)::134-6. :doi: 10.4103/0250-474X.54278.
Publication Date: 2009 Mar
Study Author(s): Lodhia, M H;Bhatt, K R;Thaker, V S;
Institution: Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot-360 005, India.
Shortcut link to this study:
Essential oils extracted from flower petals of palmarosa (Cymbopogon martini), evening primrose (Primula rosea), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and tuberose (Polianthus tuberosa) were tested for their antibacterial activities against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Different concentrations of each essential oil ranging from 10-100% were tested. Both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were found susceptible to the studied flower essential oils. With increase in concentration of essential oil, increase in zone of inhibition was observed thus dose-dependent response was clear for each essential oil. Essential oil extracted from Cymbopogon martini showed the highest activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria among the tested essential oils.
PMID: 20336210

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